El ritual del Ngillatun: un análisis antropológico en clave cosmopolítica desde la ontología mapuche.
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2020
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Abstract
A lo largo de los siglos los rituales indígenas han sido interpretados y observados desde múltiples perspectivas, muchas de ellas supeditadas a una visión etnocéntrica que ha sido fruto de las relaciones de poder asimétrico, en ocasiones invisibles, que la colonialidad ha acarreado a lo largo de los años y que concebían a esa alteridad como un simple “objeto de estudio”.
El presente trabajo a partir de la aplicación de la propuesta cosmopolítica pretende superar esa visión antropocéntrica que asumimos sobre el mundo y la naturaleza que nos rodea, aquí naturaleza y cultura pierden los significados aprendidos y socializados desde Occidente. De esta forma el trabajo aborda la perspectiva cosmopolítica del Ngillatun, ritual mapuche, como una herramienta para subvertir el orden político moderno y los modelos impuestos por la hegemonía del poder, incorporando a las dinámicas políticas y sociales que marcan el devenir del pueblo mapuche a las entidades sobrenaturales no-humanas que guían actualmente su acción política frente a las usurpaciones territoriales, la violencia y la marginación por parte de la sociedad dominante.
Al adoptar así una visión desde los términos y conceptos que ellos mismos nos proponen y, sobre todo, prestando especial atención a la relación entre los conceptos de “cosmo” y “política”, apostamos por una forma de entender la relación con los pueblos indígenas ajena a una perspectiva hegemónica del mundo que permita establecer un diálogo ontológico en igualdad.
Throughout the centuries, indigenous rituals have been observed and interpreted from multiple perspectives, many of which have been subjugated to ethnocentric views which are a product of often invisible asymmetrical power relations that colonialism/coloniality has created. Under this ethnocentric perspective, alterity is viewed as a simple “object of study” This project, applying the cosmopolitic approach, attempts to go beyond the anthropocentric view that we have easily accepted regarding nature and the world that surrounds us. Following this approach, nature and culture are regarded in a new light, where the above Western, anthropocentric conceptions lose the meanings that we have learnt and socially accepted. In this way, the following project explores the cosmopolitic perspective of the Ngillatun – ritual of the Mapuche people – as a means of subverting the modern political order and the models imposed by the hegemony of power. In order to do this, we will contribute to study of Mapuche’s social and political dynamics by exploring how non-human supernatural entities currently guide their actions against territorial usurpation, violence and marginalization by the dominant society. In following this new approach, focusing on the terms and concepts that the Mapuche themselves propose to us, paying special attention to the relation between the concepts “cosmos” and “politics”, a new way to understand our relationship with indigenous peoples, alien to our hegemonic understanding of the world, is proposed which allows us to establish an ontological dialogue in terms of equality.
Throughout the centuries, indigenous rituals have been observed and interpreted from multiple perspectives, many of which have been subjugated to ethnocentric views which are a product of often invisible asymmetrical power relations that colonialism/coloniality has created. Under this ethnocentric perspective, alterity is viewed as a simple “object of study” This project, applying the cosmopolitic approach, attempts to go beyond the anthropocentric view that we have easily accepted regarding nature and the world that surrounds us. Following this approach, nature and culture are regarded in a new light, where the above Western, anthropocentric conceptions lose the meanings that we have learnt and socially accepted. In this way, the following project explores the cosmopolitic perspective of the Ngillatun – ritual of the Mapuche people – as a means of subverting the modern political order and the models imposed by the hegemony of power. In order to do this, we will contribute to study of Mapuche’s social and political dynamics by exploring how non-human supernatural entities currently guide their actions against territorial usurpation, violence and marginalization by the dominant society. In following this new approach, focusing on the terms and concepts that the Mapuche themselves propose to us, paying special attention to the relation between the concepts “cosmos” and “politics”, a new way to understand our relationship with indigenous peoples, alien to our hegemonic understanding of the world, is proposed which allows us to establish an ontological dialogue in terms of equality.