Use of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Flour as Meat Replacer in Dry Fermented Sausages

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and nutritionally rich protein sources has led to a growing interest in edible insects as a viable alternative to traditional meat. This study evaluates the potential of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) flour as a partial meat replacer in the formulation of dry fermented sausages (salchichón). Four formulations were prepared, replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of pork meat with mealworm flour, and their microbiological, physicochemical, rheological, technological, and sensory properties were analyzed. Results showed that the incorporation of mealworm flour did not compromise the growth of lactic acid bacteria or Gram-positive catalase-positive cocci, both essential for fermentation and curing. The inclusion of mealworm flour significantly increased the protein, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of the sausages, improving their nutritional profile. Notably, despite the higher PUFA content, lipid oxidation was reduced, as evidenced by lower concentrations of oxidation-derived volatile compounds. Significant changes were also observed in color, particularly at higher replacement levels, which resulted in a noticeable darkening of the sausages. Sensory evaluation indicated that replacing up to 5% of pork meat maintained product acceptability, whereas higher levels caused significant changes. The partial replacement of pork by mealworm flour shows interesting possibilities to produce more sustainable and functional dry fermented meats.