Utilización de herramientas genómicas para impulsar los programas de selección en acuicultura
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2024
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09/05/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La acuicultura es el cultivo de organismos acuáticos que implica algún tipo de intervención en el proceso de crianza. A nivel mundial, representa alrededor del 50% de la producción acuática. El aumento de la población mundial y la creciente demanda de productos acuáticos han llevado a un continuo aumento de la producción acuícola durante las últimas tres décadas. Sin embargo, el desarrollo sostenible de la acuicultura se enfrenta a numerosos desafíos. Por ello son de vital importancia iniciativas dirigidas a mejorar la eficiencia y la competitividad de la industria. Un factor clave para conseguir dicho desarrollo es la aplicación de programas de mejora genética que incluyan la selección de reproductores con un mérito genético alto. Sin embargo, se ha estimado que actualmente solo alrededor del 10% de la producción acuícola mundial se basa en poblaciones mejoradas genéticamente. De hecho, la complejidad de los programas de mejora varía mucho entre diferentes especies y entre diferentes poblaciones de una misma especie. Mientras que algunos programas de mejora solo incluyen componentes básicos (p. ej. selección exclusivamente para crecimiento sin un control sobre el aumento en consanguinidad), otros están en un nivel mucho más avanzado (p. ej. incluyen varios caracteres en el objetivo de mejora y utilizan información de marcadores moleculares)...
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms that implies some form of intervention in the rearing process. Worldwide, it represents about 50% of the aquatic production. The increase of the world population and the growing demand for aquatic products have led to a continuous increase in aquaculture production during the last three decades. However, the sustainable development of aquaculture faces many challenges. Therefore, initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry are of vital importance. A key factor to obtain such profitable development is the application of genetic improvement programs that include selective breeding. However, it has been estimated that currently only about 10% of the world’s aquaculture production is based on genetically improved stocks. In fact, the complexity of breeding programs in aquaculture varies greatly between and within species. While some of them only include basic components of a selection program (e.g., selection exclusively for growth without inbreeding control), others are at a much more advanced level (e.g., they include several traits in the breeding objective and use molecular marker information)...
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms that implies some form of intervention in the rearing process. Worldwide, it represents about 50% of the aquatic production. The increase of the world population and the growing demand for aquatic products have led to a continuous increase in aquaculture production during the last three decades. However, the sustainable development of aquaculture faces many challenges. Therefore, initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry are of vital importance. A key factor to obtain such profitable development is the application of genetic improvement programs that include selective breeding. However, it has been estimated that currently only about 10% of the world’s aquaculture production is based on genetically improved stocks. In fact, the complexity of breeding programs in aquaculture varies greatly between and within species. While some of them only include basic components of a selection program (e.g., selection exclusively for growth without inbreeding control), others are at a much more advanced level (e.g., they include several traits in the breeding objective and use molecular marker information)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 09-05-2023