La lucha europea contra la desinformación en los procesos electorales
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2024
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Universidad de Caldas
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Moreno-Bobadilla, Ángela. (2024). La lucha europea contra la desinformación en los procesos electorales. Jurídicas, 21(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2024.21.2.6
Abstract
En el actual ecosistema informativo digital, informarse de manera exclusiva a través de las redes sociales comporta el riesgo de que solamente se tenga acceso a ciertas informaciones —que muchas veces son opiniones camufladas bajo la falsa apariencia de noticias—, que han sido elaboradas para reafirmar las opiniones políticas a través del microtargeting, las cámaras de eco, los filtros burbuja y el astroturfing, dando lugar a la desinformación en la era de la posverdad en la que la humanidad está inmersa desde hace varios años. Con este punto de partida, el artículo analiza las diferentes formas de combatir dentro del contexto europeo los desórdenes informativos que afectan a los procesos electorales, y, por ende, pueden vulnerar los derechos fundamentales a la información y al sufragio activo, y que son la regulación, la autorregulación, el fact checking y la alfabetización digital. Para ello se estudian las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de estos caminos, con el objetivo de poder dilucidar la mejor manera de terminar con este fenómeno que puede poner en peligro los cimientos de las democracias fomentando la desinformación, la desafección política e institucional y la polarización de la sociedad.
In the current digital information ecosystem, being informed exclusively through social networks carries the risk of only having access to certain information -which are often opinions camouflaged under the false appearance of news- that have been developed to reaffirm political opinions through microtargeting, echo chambers, bubble filters and astroturfing, giving rise to disinformation in the post-truth era in which we have been immersed for several years. With this starting point, the article analyzes the different ways of combating, within the European context, the information disorders that affect electoral processes and, therefore, can violate the fundamental rights to information and active voting, and which are regulation, self-regulation, fact checking and digital literacy. To this end, the advantages and disadvantages of each of these paths are studied, with the aim of elucidating the best way to end this phenomenon that can jeopardize the foundations of democracy by fostering disinformation, political and institutional disaffection and the polarization of society.
In the current digital information ecosystem, being informed exclusively through social networks carries the risk of only having access to certain information -which are often opinions camouflaged under the false appearance of news- that have been developed to reaffirm political opinions through microtargeting, echo chambers, bubble filters and astroturfing, giving rise to disinformation in the post-truth era in which we have been immersed for several years. With this starting point, the article analyzes the different ways of combating, within the European context, the information disorders that affect electoral processes and, therefore, can violate the fundamental rights to information and active voting, and which are regulation, self-regulation, fact checking and digital literacy. To this end, the advantages and disadvantages of each of these paths are studied, with the aim of elucidating the best way to end this phenomenon that can jeopardize the foundations of democracy by fostering disinformation, political and institutional disaffection and the polarization of society.













