El vicus romano de Aberturas: Primeras evidencias de la viticultura manchega en la Ciudad del Vino (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real). Avance de resultados
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2013
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Ayuntamiento de Requena
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Abstract
Valdepeñas es una localidad castellano-manchega situada al sureste de la provincia de Ciudad Real. Es cabecera de la Denominación de Origen “Valdepeñas”, integrada por diez municipios y unas 30.000 has. de viñedo. La ciudad ha desarrollado el enoturismo, principalmente a través de su Museo del Vino -instalado sobre una antigua bodega de inicios del siglo XIX-, sus Fiestas del Vino -declaradas de Interés Turístico Nacional-, su famoso “Tren del Vino” -que recibió el Premio Regional de Turismo de Castilla-La Mancha- o las numerosas catas o visitas a bodegas de las que el visitante puede disfrutar.
La información arqueológica que presentamos en este trabajo puede ser considerada la primera y más antigua evidencia directa de la elaboración del vino en Valdepeñas. La investigación histórico-arqueológica desarrollada en el lugar Aberturas ha permitido detectar la elaboración de vino antes de la islamización, así como caracterizar un extenso vicus romano de aproximadamente 24 hectáreas, cuya pervivencia se extendió desde la segunda mitad del siglo III d.C. hasta la Alta Edad Media y el siglo XIII.
Esta investigación ha sucedido con motivo de la ejecución de obras en la autovía A4, que han dejado al descubierto elementos arqueológicos muebles e inmuebles en este paraje de Valdepeñas. Los materiales recuperados revelan la existencia de un extenso vicus de aproximadamente 24 hectáreas. Este asentamiento ha tenido un largo recorrido histórico desde entonces hasta hoy. Además de viviendas y materiales arqueológicos cerámicos la intervención arqueológica ha permitido documentar diversos silos, varios de los cuales fueron hallados vacíos, con cubierta de lajas, con tapa o con la impronta de haberla tenido. También se han encontrado un pozo antiguo que explotaba el Acuífero 23, piletas, un lagar y otro probable locus de lagar.
El estudio histórico-arqueológico de viviendas romanas, silos, piletas, torcos y estructuras de lagares antiguos, así como de la colección numismática de más de veintiséis monedas detectadas, son pruebas palpables de que la aplicación correcta de vigilancias arqueológicas a obras de grandes infraestructuras permite tanto evitar pérdidas de nuestro legado cultural como, a través de una adecuada investigación, adquirir nuevos conocimientos y relevante información sobre nuestra historia colectiva.
Valdepeñas is a town located southeast of Ciudad Real, a province of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Is the main city of ten municipalities and 30.000 vineyards hectares that make up the Denomination Origin of Wine called “Valdepeñas”. The city has developed wine tourism, mainly through its Museum of Wine (installed on an old warehouse from the early nineteenth century), their Wine Festival (declared of National Tourist Interest), the famous Wine Train (winner of the Regional Toursim Award) or the numerous tastings and visits to wineries where visitors can enjoy. Archaeological information presented in this work can be considered the oldest evidence of winemaking in Valdepeñas. The archarological research developed at the site of Aberturas has detected winemaking before the Islamization and characterize a large Roman vicus of approximately 24 hectares, whose survival was extended since the second half of the third century AD until the High Middle Ages and thirteenth century. This research has happened in connection with the execution of works on the A4 Highway, wich have revealed archaeological features and movable objects in this site of Valdepeñas.Archeological intervention has documented housing, pottery, silos (several of wich were found empty), an old well, pools, a winery and a locus. The collection of more than twenty coins detected and all the archaeological information obtained are clear evidence that the correct application of archaeological surveillance and control of major infraestructure works allows thus preventing loss of our cultural heritage and, through proper research, acquire new knowledge and relevant information about collective history.
Valdepeñas is a town located southeast of Ciudad Real, a province of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Is the main city of ten municipalities and 30.000 vineyards hectares that make up the Denomination Origin of Wine called “Valdepeñas”. The city has developed wine tourism, mainly through its Museum of Wine (installed on an old warehouse from the early nineteenth century), their Wine Festival (declared of National Tourist Interest), the famous Wine Train (winner of the Regional Toursim Award) or the numerous tastings and visits to wineries where visitors can enjoy. Archaeological information presented in this work can be considered the oldest evidence of winemaking in Valdepeñas. The archarological research developed at the site of Aberturas has detected winemaking before the Islamization and characterize a large Roman vicus of approximately 24 hectares, whose survival was extended since the second half of the third century AD until the High Middle Ages and thirteenth century. This research has happened in connection with the execution of works on the A4 Highway, wich have revealed archaeological features and movable objects in this site of Valdepeñas.Archeological intervention has documented housing, pottery, silos (several of wich were found empty), an old well, pools, a winery and a locus. The collection of more than twenty coins detected and all the archaeological information obtained are clear evidence that the correct application of archaeological surveillance and control of major infraestructure works allows thus preventing loss of our cultural heritage and, through proper research, acquire new knowledge and relevant information about collective history.