Cefalea Cervicogénica en Fisioterapia
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2014
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2014
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Abstract
La cefalea cervicogénica se considera la tercera cefalea más prevalente a nivel mundial (4,1%), cuya afectación origina una gran discapacidad y elevados costes socioeconómicos. Su desconocimiento y etiología multifactorial ha llevado a considerarla un síndrome doloroso con tendencia a la cronicidad, cuya base neuroanatómica es la convergencia trigémino-cervical.
Se trata de una cefalea unilateral de intensidad moderada y duración variable que puede cursar con cervicalgia, asocia restricción de la movilidad cervical y alteración del control neuromuscular. Se caracteriza por un origen nociceptivo cervical que se irradia a la región oculo-fronto-temporal y miembro superior ipsilateral.
Se han empleado numerosos tratamientos para este síndrome, sin embargo, el más comúnmente utilizado es la intervención fisioterápica en la que se centra este trabajo. Incluye la terapia manual, el ejercicio terapéutico y la educación al paciente que han mostrado su eficacia en la reducción del dolor y en la mejora de la funcionalidad. Sin embargo, a pesar de la relevancia clínica, son necesarios más estudios que avalen su evidencia científica.
Cervicogenic headache is considered the third most prevalent worldwide headache (4,1%), which involvement causes severe disability and high socioeconomic costs. Ignorance and multifactorial etiology has led to consider it a painful syndrome with a tendency to chronicity, whose neuroanatomical basis is the trigeminocervical convergence. It is a unilateral headache of moderate intensity and variable duration that may be associated with neck pain, restriction in cervical range of motion and altered neuromuscular control. It is characterized by cervical nociceptive source that irradiates to the oculo-fronto-temporal region and ipsilateral upper limb. Many treatments have been used for this syndrome; however, the most commonly used is physiotherapy intervention in which this paper focuses. The physical therapy includes manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and patient education that have shown its effectiveness in order to reduce pain and improve functionality. However, despite clinical relevance, more studies that support their scientific evidence are needed.
Cervicogenic headache is considered the third most prevalent worldwide headache (4,1%), which involvement causes severe disability and high socioeconomic costs. Ignorance and multifactorial etiology has led to consider it a painful syndrome with a tendency to chronicity, whose neuroanatomical basis is the trigeminocervical convergence. It is a unilateral headache of moderate intensity and variable duration that may be associated with neck pain, restriction in cervical range of motion and altered neuromuscular control. It is characterized by cervical nociceptive source that irradiates to the oculo-fronto-temporal region and ipsilateral upper limb. Many treatments have been used for this syndrome; however, the most commonly used is physiotherapy intervention in which this paper focuses. The physical therapy includes manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and patient education that have shown its effectiveness in order to reduce pain and improve functionality. However, despite clinical relevance, more studies that support their scientific evidence are needed.