Cambios corticales en el dolor lumbar crónico y el tratamiento con control lumbar
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2019
Defense date
05/06/2019
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Citation
Abstract
El dolor lumbar crónico es una de las patologías más frecuentes en la sociedad actual, con un gran impacto económico y social. El 90% del dolor lumbar tiene un origen inespecífico y hasta un 10% se convierte en dolor lumbar crónico, y se ha visto que son los circuitos motivacionales y emocionales los predictores de la persistencia y cronificación del dolor. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los cambios corticales en el dolor lumbar crónico y determinar la manera más efectiva de abordarlo desde el punto de vista de la fisioterapia. Los avances en neurociencia permiten utilizar técnicas diagnósticas cada vez más sensibles a los cambios encontrados en la corteza cerebral Estos pueden ser tanto estructurales, especialmente la disminución de la materia gris de la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral, como funcionales, sobre todo en la conectividad de las regiones que forman la matriz del dolor, o neuroquímicos, destacando la disminución de los metabolitos cerebrales. Se observan cambios significativos en la representación de las cortezas primarias motora y sensitiva que afectan a la activación y función de los músculos de la columna lumbar, lo que conlleva un aumento del dolor y una alteración de la percepción corporal. Un adecuado tratamiento para revertir estos cambios parece ser el ejercicio de control motor, favoreciendo la coordinación muscular y produciendo cambios plásticos cerebrales, aunque es necesario un programa claro de ejercicios y más estudios sobre su efectividad.
Chronic low back pain is one of the most common pathologies in today´s society, with a great economic and social impact. 90% of low back pain is non-specific and up to 10% becomes chronic low back pain, and it has been seen that the motivational and emotional circuits are the predictors of the persistence and chronification of pain. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the cortical changes in chronic low back pain and to determine the most effective approach from the point of view of the physical therapy. The advances in neuroscience allow the use of diagnostic techniques that are increasingly sesitive to the changes found in the cerebral cortex. This changes can be structural, especially the decrease of the grey matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, functional, mainly in the functional connectivity of the “pain matrix” regions, and neurochemical, highlighting the reduction in brain metabolites. Significant changes are observed in the representation of the primary motor and sensory cortex that affect the activation and function of the muscles of the lumbar spine, which leads to an increase in pain and an alteration in body perception. An appropriate treatment to reverse these changes seems to be the motor control exercise, favoring muscular coordination and producing cerebral plastic changes, although a clear program of exercises and more studies on its effectiveness are needed.
Chronic low back pain is one of the most common pathologies in today´s society, with a great economic and social impact. 90% of low back pain is non-specific and up to 10% becomes chronic low back pain, and it has been seen that the motivational and emotional circuits are the predictors of the persistence and chronification of pain. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the cortical changes in chronic low back pain and to determine the most effective approach from the point of view of the physical therapy. The advances in neuroscience allow the use of diagnostic techniques that are increasingly sesitive to the changes found in the cerebral cortex. This changes can be structural, especially the decrease of the grey matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, functional, mainly in the functional connectivity of the “pain matrix” regions, and neurochemical, highlighting the reduction in brain metabolites. Significant changes are observed in the representation of the primary motor and sensory cortex that affect the activation and function of the muscles of the lumbar spine, which leads to an increase in pain and an alteration in body perception. An appropriate treatment to reverse these changes seems to be the motor control exercise, favoring muscular coordination and producing cerebral plastic changes, although a clear program of exercises and more studies on its effectiveness are needed.