La obra de los hermanos Strugatski: ciencia ficción y censura en la Unión Soviética
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2023
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03/02/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La obra de los hermanos Strugatski: ciencia ficción y censura en la Unión Soviética. La presente tesis doctoral procura explicar la evolución de la ciencia ficción soviética en un contexto hostil y fuertemente marcado por la censura estatal, así como analizar la obra de los hermanos Arkadi y Borís Strugatski como unos de los autores más relevantes del género en su época. Comienza con una exposición sobre el género de la ciencia ficción y su desarrollo tanto en Occidente como en el área ruso-soviética. El contexto histórico y político son claves para entender las distintas etapas de la evolución del género en la Unión Soviética y la influencia del Estado en que ciertos temas fueran ampliamente desarrollados. Un ejemplo sería el tema de la conquista del espacio por parte de los soviéticos, tan popular a partir de los años veinte del siglo XX, como un instrumento más de la propaganda comunista respecto a la carrera espacial contra EEUU. Además de hablar de los fenómenos literarios, es esencial entender el funcionamiento de los organismos de control gubernamental sobre las obras y publicaciones literarias. La censura como forma de control de la libertad de expresión ha marcado la literatura rusa prácticamente durante toda su historia; sin embargo, en la época soviética se crean numerosos organismos estatales para garantizar que la literatura tenga una funcionalidad utilitario-propagandística y esté al servicio de los intereses del Partido Comunista. No obstante, ese férreo control también dio lugar a que las obras tuvieran muchos mensajes encubiertos, siendo el género de la ciencia ficción, sin duda, el que mejor podía transmitir esos mensajes críticos sobre la falta de libertad de expresión o de decisión.
The works of the Strugatsky brothers: science fiction and censorship in the Soviet Union.This doctoral thesis seeks to explain the evolution of Soviet science fiction in a hostile environment strongly marked by state censorship, as well as to analyse the work of the brothers Arkadi and Boris Strugatsky as two of the most relevant authors in the genre of their times.It begins with an explanation about the science fiction genre and its development both in the West and on the Russian-Soviet side. The historical and political context are essential to understand the different stages of the genre’s evolution in the Soviet Union and the influence of the State on the work, leading to the wide development of certain topics. An example would be the topic of the conquest of space by the Soviets, remarkably popular from the fifties onward, as one of the tools of communist propaganda regarding the space race against the USA.In addition to talking about literature, it is essential to understand the functioning of government control over literary works and publications. Censorship as a restriction for freedom of expression has marked Russian literature practically throughout its history, however, in Soviet times numerous state organisations were created to ensure that literature had a utilitarian-propagandistic function and stands at the service of communist party interests. However, this strict control also led to the introduction of many hidden messages, with the science fiction genre being, without a doubt, the one that could best transmit those critical messages about the lack of freedom of expression or decision.
The works of the Strugatsky brothers: science fiction and censorship in the Soviet Union.This doctoral thesis seeks to explain the evolution of Soviet science fiction in a hostile environment strongly marked by state censorship, as well as to analyse the work of the brothers Arkadi and Boris Strugatsky as two of the most relevant authors in the genre of their times.It begins with an explanation about the science fiction genre and its development both in the West and on the Russian-Soviet side. The historical and political context are essential to understand the different stages of the genre’s evolution in the Soviet Union and the influence of the State on the work, leading to the wide development of certain topics. An example would be the topic of the conquest of space by the Soviets, remarkably popular from the fifties onward, as one of the tools of communist propaganda regarding the space race against the USA.In addition to talking about literature, it is essential to understand the functioning of government control over literary works and publications. Censorship as a restriction for freedom of expression has marked Russian literature practically throughout its history, however, in Soviet times numerous state organisations were created to ensure that literature had a utilitarian-propagandistic function and stands at the service of communist party interests. However, this strict control also led to the introduction of many hidden messages, with the science fiction genre being, without a doubt, the one that could best transmit those critical messages about the lack of freedom of expression or decision.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 03-02-2023