Mitos y ficciones en la responsabilidad patrimonial de las Administraciones Públicas: a propósito de la STC, Sala 3.ª, de 27 de septiembre de 2011
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2012
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Aranzadi La Ley
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Este trabajo analiza una reciente Sentencia de la Sala 3ª del Tribunal Supremo y el pronunciamiento revocado del Tribunal a quo sobre el fallecimiento de un paciente tras el retraso en el diagnóstico de la patología que le afectaba. A través de este concreto caso se realiza una reflexión general orientada a poner de manifiesto el importante papel que juega la ficción, el mito o el artificio en el ámbito de la responsabilidad patrimonial. Ambas Sentencias reafirman el dogma de Derecho Administrativo español de la pura objetividad, pero resuelven en consonancia con una regla de culpa. Ambas reafirman que sólo la causalidad fehacientemente probada enciende la mecánica de la responsabilidad, pero el Tribunal Supremo ordena la reparación pese a reconocer explícitamente que es ciertamente dudoso que, en ausencia del hecho ilícito, el daño hubiera dejado de producirse. En definitiva, respecto de los problemas de la culpa y la causalidad, las Sentencias aceptan formalmente las concepciones generales dominantes, pero las desmienten materialmente. Una cosa es la concepción de la que se dice que se parte; y otra es la teoría que se aplica efectivamente. El mito, la ficción o el artificio es, justamente, el mecanismo que permite conciliar la concepción dominante con soluciones técnicamente incompatibles con él.
The paper discusses a recent Spanish Supreme Court Judgment, 3rd Section, and the revoked Judgment on a case of death of a patient after delayed diagnosis. Through this particular case the paper makes a general discussion to highlight the important role of fictions, myths or artifices in the field of State liability. Both Judgments reaffirm the Spanish Administrative Law dogma of absolute liability, but decide in accordance with a rule of negligence. Both affirm that only a clearly proven causation turns on the mechanics of liability, but the Supreme Court declares a right to damages despite the explicit recognition that it is certainly doubtful that but for the wrongful act, harm would have not occurred. In short, concerning issues of fault and causation, judgments formally accept dominant approaches, but they materially deny them. One thing is the general conception which is said to be the base of a decision and another is the theory which is actually applied. The myth, fiction or artifice is indeed the mechanism which manages to reconcile the dominant conception with solutions technically incompatible with it.
The paper discusses a recent Spanish Supreme Court Judgment, 3rd Section, and the revoked Judgment on a case of death of a patient after delayed diagnosis. Through this particular case the paper makes a general discussion to highlight the important role of fictions, myths or artifices in the field of State liability. Both Judgments reaffirm the Spanish Administrative Law dogma of absolute liability, but decide in accordance with a rule of negligence. Both affirm that only a clearly proven causation turns on the mechanics of liability, but the Supreme Court declares a right to damages despite the explicit recognition that it is certainly doubtful that but for the wrongful act, harm would have not occurred. In short, concerning issues of fault and causation, judgments formally accept dominant approaches, but they materially deny them. One thing is the general conception which is said to be the base of a decision and another is the theory which is actually applied. The myth, fiction or artifice is indeed the mechanism which manages to reconcile the dominant conception with solutions technically incompatible with it.