Salud oral autopercibida en pacientes mayores de 65 años con tramos edéntulos que precisan tratamiento implantológico. Estudio preliminar.
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2024
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Abstract
Introducción: El aumento en la esperanza de vida ha llevado a un incremento en la población mayor de 65 años en España, lo que ha resultado en una mayor prevalencia de problemas de salud asociados al envejecimiento, como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y deterioro cognitivo. Estos problemas afectan la calidad de vida y están vinculados a la fragilidad, tanto física como oral, que influye en la capacidad de masticar y, por ende, en la nutrición y salud general. La percepción de la salud oral es crucial para la aceptación de tratamientos dentales, como los implantes, que pueden mejorar la calidad de vida en este grupo etario.
Objetivos: Evaluar la salud bucodental autopercibida de los pacientes mayores de 65 años que acuden al Posgrado de Especialización en Cirugía Bucal e Implantología de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Complutense con ausencias dentarias y necesidad de tratamiento implantológico
Material y métodos: El estudio consistió en un análisis transversal no intervencionista realizado en un único centro, enfocado en pacientes mayores de 65 años que acudieron al Posgrado de Cirugía Oral e Implantología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid para solicitar tratamiento implantológico entre enero y junio de 2024. Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos, de salud bucodental autopercibida, estado dental, periodontal, y tipo de rehabilitación protésica. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando SPSS, considerando un nivel de significación del 95%. No se reportaron conflictos de interés.
Resultados: El perfil sociodemográfico de la muestra se compone mayoritariamente de mujeres (54,3%) y de pacientes con edades entre 65 y 84 años, siendo el grupo más representado el de 65-74 años (60%). La edad media fue de 72,34 años, con una distribución 3 simétrica de las edades y una variabilidad moderada. Además, la muestra mostró una prevalencia significativa de enfermedades sistémicas y antecedentes quirúrgicos, lo que sugiere un estado de salud complejo en esta población. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban edentulismo parcial y una percepción baja de su salud bucodental, sin diferencias significativas relacionadas con la edad, sexo, o estado de salud general.
Discusión y conclusiones: Los problemas bucales asociados con el envejecimiento incrementan la demanda de atención dental, particularmente debido al edentulismo, que afecta casi al 19% de las personas mayores, repercutiendo negativamente en su salud y bienestar. En el estudio, la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron una percepción "baja" de su salud dental, con un promedio de 38,34 en el índice GOHAI. Esta percepción negativa es consistente con estudios previos en otras poblaciones de adultos mayores, destacando la importancia de una adecuada higiene oral y el impacto del edentulismo en la calidad de vida. Además, se observó que las mujeres tienden a tener una peor autopercepción de su salud oral, aunque los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos en esta muestra, sugiriendo la necesidad de ampliar el tamaño muestral.
Introduction: The increase in life expectancy has led to a rise in the population over 65 years old in Spain, resulting in a higher prevalence of health problems associated with aging, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cognitive decline. These issues affect the quality of life and are linked to frailty, both physical and oral, which influences the ability to chew and, therefore, overall nutrition and health. The perception of oral health is crucial for the acceptance of dental treatments, such as implants, which can improve the quality of life in this age group. Objectives: To evaluate the self-perceived oral health of patients over 65 years old attending the Postgraduate Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University with missing teeth and the need for implant treatment. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of a non-interventional cross-sectional analysis conducted at a single center, focusing on patients over 65 years old who attended the Postgraduate Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology at the Complutense University of Madrid to seek implant treatment between January and June 2024. Sociodemographic data, self-perceived oral health, dental status, periodontal status, and type of prosthetic rehabilitation were collected. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS, considering a significance level of 95%. No conflicts of interest were reported. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the sample is mostly composed of women (54.3%) and patients aged between 65 and 84 years, with the most represented group being 65-74 years old (60%). The mean age was 72.34 years, with a symmetrical age distribution and moderate 5 variability. Additionally, the sample showed a significant prevalence of systemic diseases and surgical history, suggesting a complex health status in this population. Most patients had partial edentulism and a low perception of their oral health, with no significant differences related to age, gender, or general health status. Discussion and Conclusions: Oral problems associated with aging increase the demand for dental care, particularly due to edentulism, which affects nearly 19% of older people, negatively impacting their health and well-being. In the study, most patients had a "low" perception of their dental health, with an average score of 38.34 on the GOHAI index. This negative perception is consistent with previous studies in other older adult populations, highlighting the importance of proper oral hygiene and the impact of edentulism on quality of life. Furthermore, it was observed that women tend to have a worse self-perception of their oral health, although the results were not statistically significant in this sample, suggesting the need to increase the sample size.
Introduction: The increase in life expectancy has led to a rise in the population over 65 years old in Spain, resulting in a higher prevalence of health problems associated with aging, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cognitive decline. These issues affect the quality of life and are linked to frailty, both physical and oral, which influences the ability to chew and, therefore, overall nutrition and health. The perception of oral health is crucial for the acceptance of dental treatments, such as implants, which can improve the quality of life in this age group. Objectives: To evaluate the self-perceived oral health of patients over 65 years old attending the Postgraduate Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University with missing teeth and the need for implant treatment. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of a non-interventional cross-sectional analysis conducted at a single center, focusing on patients over 65 years old who attended the Postgraduate Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology at the Complutense University of Madrid to seek implant treatment between January and June 2024. Sociodemographic data, self-perceived oral health, dental status, periodontal status, and type of prosthetic rehabilitation were collected. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS, considering a significance level of 95%. No conflicts of interest were reported. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the sample is mostly composed of women (54.3%) and patients aged between 65 and 84 years, with the most represented group being 65-74 years old (60%). The mean age was 72.34 years, with a symmetrical age distribution and moderate 5 variability. Additionally, the sample showed a significant prevalence of systemic diseases and surgical history, suggesting a complex health status in this population. Most patients had partial edentulism and a low perception of their oral health, with no significant differences related to age, gender, or general health status. Discussion and Conclusions: Oral problems associated with aging increase the demand for dental care, particularly due to edentulism, which affects nearly 19% of older people, negatively impacting their health and well-being. In the study, most patients had a "low" perception of their dental health, with an average score of 38.34 on the GOHAI index. This negative perception is consistent with previous studies in other older adult populations, highlighting the importance of proper oral hygiene and the impact of edentulism on quality of life. Furthermore, it was observed that women tend to have a worse self-perception of their oral health, although the results were not statistically significant in this sample, suggesting the need to increase the sample size.