Representaciones en el cine documental de la preguerra en España. Aspectos sociales y estéticos
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2025
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28/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los elementos ficcionales y artísticos que se desarrollan en el documental español nacional y regional de los años 30 hasta el año 1936, es decir, en el cine documental español desde la llegada del cine sonoro (coincidiendo con los años en que el documental adquiere mayor presencia, como veremos, al desligarse el cine de las otras artes de la vanguardia y adquiere autonomía) hasta el comienzo de la Guerra civil son analizados con los casos de las películas de Luis Buñuel, Giménez Caballero, Carlos Velo y Mantilla, José Val del Omar y otras películas españolas de la época. Se tiene en cuenta el viraje internacional y la influencia de las metrópolis como contexto en los documentales aquí analizados a partir de la literatura de la época y bibliografía pertinente. Se pretende dar a los documentales una autonomía formal que les permita medir las variables de espontaneidad estética, improvisación en el guion y en los diferentes niveles de la realización, el uso y el abuso de los planos secuencia y los planos detalle, la utilización de luz natural, el bajo presupuesto y la grabación en exteriores en la medida en que los documentales analizados se acercan al cine documental realista y experimental. En cuanto al contenido, se pretenden analizar los elementos narrativos empleados en los documentales, el estereotipo y la creación de los emblemas que remiten a lo español en las películas de cine documental de la época. Para ello, se tienen en cuenta elementos propios del cine de ficción como el desarrollo de personajes individuales o colectivos, la ubicación de las acciones dentro de una temporalidad, el montaje narrativo y la reconstrucción de los hechos.
The fictional and artistic elements that are developed in the national and regional Spanish documentaries from the 1930s to 1936, that is, in Spanish documentary cinema since the arrival of sound cinema (coinciding with the years in which the documentary acquires greater presence , as we shall see, as cinema became detached from the other avant-garde arts and acquired his autonomy) until the beginning of the Civil War are here analyzed with the cases of the films of Luis Buñuel, Giménez Caballero, Carlos Velo y Fernando G. Mantilla, José Val del Omar and other Spanish films of the time. The international turn and the influence of the metropolis are taken into account as a context in the documentaries analyzed here from the perspective of the literature of the time and the relevant bibliography about it. The aim that we look for with this investigation is to give documentaries a formal autonomy that allows them to measure with their own tools the variables of aesthetic spontaneity, improvisation in the script and at the different levels of production, the use and abuse of long shots and extreme close ups, the use of the natural light, the low budget and the outdoor recording to the extent that the analyzed documentaries in this thesis from the Spanish 30s are close to realistic and experimental documentary cinema of the time. Regarding the content from the documentaries which belongs to our sample, we intend to analyze the narrative elements used in the documentaries, the stereotype from the Spanish culture that the director uses to narrate and communicate his experience through the images in the film and the creation of the emblems that refer to the Spanish culture and we can monitor in the films of the time. For this purpose, elements of fiction cinema are taken into account in our investigation such as the development of individual or collective characters, the location of the actions within a temporality, the narrative montage and the kind of the reconstruction of the facts in the documentary.
The fictional and artistic elements that are developed in the national and regional Spanish documentaries from the 1930s to 1936, that is, in Spanish documentary cinema since the arrival of sound cinema (coinciding with the years in which the documentary acquires greater presence , as we shall see, as cinema became detached from the other avant-garde arts and acquired his autonomy) until the beginning of the Civil War are here analyzed with the cases of the films of Luis Buñuel, Giménez Caballero, Carlos Velo y Fernando G. Mantilla, José Val del Omar and other Spanish films of the time. The international turn and the influence of the metropolis are taken into account as a context in the documentaries analyzed here from the perspective of the literature of the time and the relevant bibliography about it. The aim that we look for with this investigation is to give documentaries a formal autonomy that allows them to measure with their own tools the variables of aesthetic spontaneity, improvisation in the script and at the different levels of production, the use and abuse of long shots and extreme close ups, the use of the natural light, the low budget and the outdoor recording to the extent that the analyzed documentaries in this thesis from the Spanish 30s are close to realistic and experimental documentary cinema of the time. Regarding the content from the documentaries which belongs to our sample, we intend to analyze the narrative elements used in the documentaries, the stereotype from the Spanish culture that the director uses to narrate and communicate his experience through the images in the film and the creation of the emblems that refer to the Spanish culture and we can monitor in the films of the time. For this purpose, elements of fiction cinema are taken into account in our investigation such as the development of individual or collective characters, the location of the actions within a temporality, the narrative montage and the kind of the reconstruction of the facts in the documentary.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 28-06-2023