Procesos moleculares implicados en la proliferación de astrocitos de rata en cultivo. Efectos de la glucosa, del péptido semejante al Glucagón-2 y de la insulina
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2019
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19/10/2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El GLP-2 es un péptido derivado del diferente procesamiento postraduccional del proglucagón que tiene lugar en intestino y cerebro, en donde ejerce sus efectos biológicos. En el intestino actúa como un factor trófico. En el hipotálamo parece mostrar un efecto anorexigénico y en los astrocitos en cultivo favorece la proliferación.La insulina se sintetiza en las células β-pancreáticas y posiblemente también en sistema nervioso central. Es la hormona anabólica por excelencia en los tejidos periféricos,siendo mucho menos conocida sus funciones en el cerebro. Tanto la insulina como el GLP-2actúan a través de sus receptores presentes en ciertas regiones del cerebro.Hoy se asume que los astrocitos desempeñan un papel fundamental en las distintas funciones del sistema nervioso central, incluyendo la captura y metabolismo de la glucosa en el cerebro.La hipótesis de este trabajo es que la glucosa actúa como un regulador fundamental de la proliferación de los astrocitos y por tanto influir en alguna de las diversas vías de señalización implicadas en este proceso...
GLP-2 is a peptide derived from the different post-translational processing of proglucagon that takes place in intestine and brain where it exerts its biological effects. In the gut, GLP-2 acts as a trophic factor. In the hypothalamus it seems to show ananorexigenic effect and in cultured astrocytes it stimulates the proliferation. Insulin is synthesized in pancreatic β-cells and possibly also in the central nervous system. It is the anabolic hormone by excellence in the peripheral tissues, being much lessknown its functions in the brain. Both insulin and GLP-2 act through their own receptors which are present in certain regions of the brain. Nowadays, it is assumed that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the distinct functions of the central nervous system, including the capture and metabolism of glucose in brain.The hypothesis of this work is that glucose acts as an essential regulator of the proliferation of astrocytes and therefore can modulate one of the various signaling pathways involved in this process. Since the actions of insulin at the central level are less known than in peripheral tissues, the main objective of this work was to study the interdependence of glucose, GLP-2 and insulinon astrocyte proliferation and the pathways of signaling involved...
GLP-2 is a peptide derived from the different post-translational processing of proglucagon that takes place in intestine and brain where it exerts its biological effects. In the gut, GLP-2 acts as a trophic factor. In the hypothalamus it seems to show ananorexigenic effect and in cultured astrocytes it stimulates the proliferation. Insulin is synthesized in pancreatic β-cells and possibly also in the central nervous system. It is the anabolic hormone by excellence in the peripheral tissues, being much lessknown its functions in the brain. Both insulin and GLP-2 act through their own receptors which are present in certain regions of the brain. Nowadays, it is assumed that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the distinct functions of the central nervous system, including the capture and metabolism of glucose in brain.The hypothesis of this work is that glucose acts as an essential regulator of the proliferation of astrocytes and therefore can modulate one of the various signaling pathways involved in this process. Since the actions of insulin at the central level are less known than in peripheral tissues, the main objective of this work was to study the interdependence of glucose, GLP-2 and insulinon astrocyte proliferation and the pathways of signaling involved...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 19-10-2018