Estudio de los mecanismos de diseminación en leucemia linfática crónica: papel de Eph/Ephrin
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2018
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26/06/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Leucemia linfocítica/linfática crónica (LLC) es un síndrome linfoproliferativo crónico (SLPC) de linfocitos B que expresan el antígeno CD5, propio de linfocitos T. Afecta a personas de edad avanzada, principalmente entre los 67 y los 72 años, y más frecuentemente en hombres que en mujeres (1,7:1) [1]. Actualmente, la LLC es considerada una enfermedad incurable por lo que se hace necesario un mejor conocimiento de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares de su patobiología. Parámetros clínicos descritos por Rai [2] y Binet [3] ayudan a clasificar la enfermedad. Actualmente se están investigando nuevos marcadores moleculares tales como expresión de CD38 [4] y ZAP70 [5, 6], el estado mutacional de los genes que codifican para la región variable de la cadena pesada de inmunoglobulinas (IgHV) [4, 7] y la presencia de deleciones (d13q, d11q y d17p) y trisomía 12 (Tri12) [8]. Un aspecto crítico de esta enfermedad es la colonización de ganglios linfáticos (GL) por las células leucémicas (LLC), ya que es responsable del desarrollo de alteraciones inmunológicas que, junto a las hematológicas derivadas de la disfunción de la médula ósea (MO), tienen lugar en los casos más graves de la enfermedad [9-12]. Ensayos in vitro de co-cultivos han demostrado que las células endoteliales protegen a las células LLC de la apoptosis espontánea a través de factores solubles o contactos físicos [13]. Por otra parte, en otros estudios se observó que la unión de las células LLC a monocapas de células endoteliales protegía de la apoptosis espontánea a través de los contactos célula-célula [14], sugiriendo que podrían tener efectos similares in vivo dentro de los tejidos infiltrados algo que, sin embargo, no está del todo demostrado [10, 13-18]...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome (SLPC) of CD5+ B lymphocytes. It commonly affects elderly persons with an average of diagnosis ranging from 67 to 72 years and is more common in men than in women (1.7: 1) although the proportion of young patients seems to be increasing [1] The CLL has a very heterogeneous clinical course, from individuals who live with the disease for years without requiring treatment to others with a more aggressive clinical course requiring early treatment. Disease stage is mainly based on clinic and pathological characteristics as defined previously by Rai et al. (year) [2] and Binet et al. (year) . Currently other prognostic factors are used to define the risk of the disease including cellular markers such as CD38 [4] and ZAP70 [5, 6] expression, and genetic variants of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHV) [4, 7] and common cytogenetic aberrations such as deletions in some chromosome regions (d13q, d11q and d7p) or trisomy 12 (Tri12) [8]. Compelling evidence supports that CLL cells survival within the tumor microenvironment is highly dependent on extrinsic signals provided by non-leukemic cell types [9, 10]. In vitro studies support that endothelial cells could protect CLL cells in vivo either through soluble factors and/or direct physical contacts [9-15]. Consequently, endothelial cells could play a similar role during extravasation a fact that, to our knowledge, has not been previously addressed in this disease. Indeed, it has been suggested that transendothelial migration (TEM) could improve survival of non-leukemia cell types including granulocytes [16], T lymphocytes [17] or CD34+CD14+ monocyte precursors [18] indicating that the extravasation through inflamed vascular vessels or the specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymphoid tissues [19] could affect the survival outcome of CLL cells...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome (SLPC) of CD5+ B lymphocytes. It commonly affects elderly persons with an average of diagnosis ranging from 67 to 72 years and is more common in men than in women (1.7: 1) although the proportion of young patients seems to be increasing [1] The CLL has a very heterogeneous clinical course, from individuals who live with the disease for years without requiring treatment to others with a more aggressive clinical course requiring early treatment. Disease stage is mainly based on clinic and pathological characteristics as defined previously by Rai et al. (year) [2] and Binet et al. (year) . Currently other prognostic factors are used to define the risk of the disease including cellular markers such as CD38 [4] and ZAP70 [5, 6] expression, and genetic variants of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHV) [4, 7] and common cytogenetic aberrations such as deletions in some chromosome regions (d13q, d11q and d7p) or trisomy 12 (Tri12) [8]. Compelling evidence supports that CLL cells survival within the tumor microenvironment is highly dependent on extrinsic signals provided by non-leukemic cell types [9, 10]. In vitro studies support that endothelial cells could protect CLL cells in vivo either through soluble factors and/or direct physical contacts [9-15]. Consequently, endothelial cells could play a similar role during extravasation a fact that, to our knowledge, has not been previously addressed in this disease. Indeed, it has been suggested that transendothelial migration (TEM) could improve survival of non-leukemia cell types including granulocytes [16], T lymphocytes [17] or CD34+CD14+ monocyte precursors [18] indicating that the extravasation through inflamed vascular vessels or the specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymphoid tissues [19] could affect the survival outcome of CLL cells...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, leída el 26-06-2017