Enfermedad hepática en niños y jóvenes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)
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2023
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19/07/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los pacientes infectados perinatalmente por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (PVIH) tienen una larga historia de exposición al virus y al tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) desde una edad muy temprana, incluso algunos de manera intrauterina. Los efectos del virus y su tratamiento sobre un sistema inmune inmaduro podrían producir alteraciones permanentes en la respuesta inmune. En adultos que viven con el VIH, a pesar del TAR y el control de la viremia, la infección crónica conduce a un estado proinflamatorio persistente que desdencadena un proceso de envejecimiento acelerado y aumento de comorbilidades. Estas alteraciones inmunológicas podrían ser más acusadas en el caso de los pacientes infectados por vía perinatal. Las primeras evidencias sugieren que los PVIH presentan una mayor prevalencia de comorbilidades, cuando se comparan con individuos no infectados de su misma edad. Entre las comorbilidades más comunes asociadas a la infección están las enfermedades cardiovasculares, los tumores, las alteraciones metabólicas, las alteraciones neurocognitivas, la enfermedad renal y la enfermedad hepática. Esta memoria se centra en la enfermedad hepática en el contexto de la infección por el VIH de transmisión perinatal, en relación con la coinfección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), así como en el contexto de la enfermedad metábolica y los potenciales mecanismos subyacentes en relación con el sistema inmunológico...
Patients infected with perinatally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) have a long history of exposure to the virus and to the antiretroviral therapy (ART), often suboptimal, from a very early age, including sometimes intra-utero exposure. The effects of the virus and its treatment on an immature immune system could lead to permanent abnormalities in the immune response. In adults living with HIV, despite ART and viral suppression chronic infection leads to a persistent pro-inflammatory state that triggers an accelerated aging process and increased comorbidities. These immunological alterations could be more pronounced in the case of vertically infected patients. Early evidence suggests that PHIV have a higher prevalence of comorbidities when compared to uninfected individuals of the same age. Among the most common comorbidities associated with infection are cardiovascular disease, tumors, metabolic disorders, neurocognitive disorders, renal disease and liver disease. This report focuses on immunological and liver-related comorbidities in the context of perinatally transmitted HIV infection, in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, as well as in the context of metabolic disease, and explores the potential underlying immune mechanisms...
Patients infected with perinatally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) have a long history of exposure to the virus and to the antiretroviral therapy (ART), often suboptimal, from a very early age, including sometimes intra-utero exposure. The effects of the virus and its treatment on an immature immune system could lead to permanent abnormalities in the immune response. In adults living with HIV, despite ART and viral suppression chronic infection leads to a persistent pro-inflammatory state that triggers an accelerated aging process and increased comorbidities. These immunological alterations could be more pronounced in the case of vertically infected patients. Early evidence suggests that PHIV have a higher prevalence of comorbidities when compared to uninfected individuals of the same age. Among the most common comorbidities associated with infection are cardiovascular disease, tumors, metabolic disorders, neurocognitive disorders, renal disease and liver disease. This report focuses on immunological and liver-related comorbidities in the context of perinatally transmitted HIV infection, in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, as well as in the context of metabolic disease, and explores the potential underlying immune mechanisms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 19-07-2022










