El debate sobre el futuro de Europa: una visión comparada de las posiciones de los jefes de Estado y/o de Gobierno y las instituciones europeas
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2020
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Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Durante la última legislatura europea se han multiplicado los debates sobre el futuro de Europa, intensificados por las policrisis experimentadas por la UE. Este artículo compara las propuestas de las dos principales instituciones europeas, Comisión y Parlamento (PE), y las posiciones de los veinte jefes de Estado y/o Gobierno que participaron en los debates sobre el futuro de Europa organizados por el PE en el período 2017-2019. Este análisis del contenido permite observar cuáles son las diversas posiciones, similitudes, diferencias y el potencial de politización de la integración europea. Se destaca la importancia de centrarse tanto en el régimen de políticas como el modelo de gobernanza y su relación. Los resultados muestran profundas diferencias sobre cómo se concibe el futuro de Europa y cómo existen prioridades más centradas en la legitimidad de input mientras que otras enfatizan la legitimidad de output. Las diversas posiciones muestran la relevancia de ciertos debates —Europa de varias velocidades, diferenciación, homogeneidad, unificación política, la lógica instrumental— y su relación con diversas teorías e hipótesis sobre el futuro de la integración. Adicionalmente, este análisis permite comprender cómo puede desarrollarse a Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa que la nueva Comisión está organizando durante el período 2020-2022.
The last European legislature has witnessed a growing number of debates on the future of Europe, intensified by the so-called polycrisis experienced by the EU. This article compares the proposals of the two most relevant European institutions, the Commission and the Parliament (EP), and the position of twenty Heads of State and/or Government that participated in the debates on the future of Europe, organized by the EP, between 2017 and 2019. The content analysis of these proposals and interventions allows us to understand their positions, similarities, differences and the potential for politicization of European integration. The importance of focusing on both the policy regime and the governance model and its relationship is also highlighted. The results stress the profound differences on how the future of Europe is conceived, showing us priorities more focused on input legitimacy while others emphasize issues related to output legitimay. The various positions show the relevance of certain debates —multi-speed Europe, differentiation, homogeneity, political unification, instrumental logic— and its relationship with different theories and hypotheses about the future of integration. Additionally, this analysis allows understanding the possible developments of the Conference on the Future of Europe that the new Commission is organizing, during the period 2020-2022.
The last European legislature has witnessed a growing number of debates on the future of Europe, intensified by the so-called polycrisis experienced by the EU. This article compares the proposals of the two most relevant European institutions, the Commission and the Parliament (EP), and the position of twenty Heads of State and/or Government that participated in the debates on the future of Europe, organized by the EP, between 2017 and 2019. The content analysis of these proposals and interventions allows us to understand their positions, similarities, differences and the potential for politicization of European integration. The importance of focusing on both the policy regime and the governance model and its relationship is also highlighted. The results stress the profound differences on how the future of Europe is conceived, showing us priorities more focused on input legitimacy while others emphasize issues related to output legitimay. The various positions show the relevance of certain debates —multi-speed Europe, differentiation, homogeneity, political unification, instrumental logic— and its relationship with different theories and hypotheses about the future of integration. Additionally, this analysis allows understanding the possible developments of the Conference on the Future of Europe that the new Commission is organizing, during the period 2020-2022.