Astrolabios en la España medieval: del Al-Andalus a los reinos cristianos
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2018
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29/06/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Esta tesis aborda la catalogación y contextualización de los astrolabios realizados en al-Andalus y en los reinos cristianos hispanos de la Edad Media como objetos protagonistas de una perfecta simbiosis entre arte y ciencia. Esta tarea no se había abordado hasta el momento y ha precisado de un acercamiento al astrolabio desde sus múltiples dimensiones: científica, cultural, simbólica, suntuaria y artística. La información disponible sobre los astrolabios peninsulares medievales es escasa, está dispersa, a veces obsoleta y, en todo caso, se ha abordado desde la perspectiva de la historia de la ciencia, algo perfectamente entendible por la dimensión científica de los astrolabios, pero que ha silenciado sus otras dimensiones. Se ha optado por presentar el catálogo según criterios de cronología y separando la producción andalusí de la de los reinos cristianos por razones prácticas, pero en la contextualización cultural, en el estudio simbólico e iconográfico y en el impacto cultural de los astrolabios que precede al catálogo en la estructura de la tesis, las dos producciones, la andalusí y la de los reinos cristianos hispanos se vertebran, dialogan y se reencuentran. El ejercicio de catalogación exhaustiva de los 49 astrolabios, 34 andalusíes y 15 atribuibles a los reinos cristianos hispanos, que han llegado a nuestros días, ha permitido acometer la modelización de los talleres donde se debieron hacer. Hasta el momento no se había abordado en su totalidad el complejo proceso de concepción y materialización de un astrolabio en el periodo medieval. Este ejercicio ha sido posible gracias al intenso estudio de campo, con el acercamiento a los objetos materiales, al análisis de fuentes primarias publicadas y a la identificación de fragmentos informativos en una extensa y variada bibliografía. Así se ha generado un discurso explicativo plasmado en un modelo que se configura como un punto de partida para futuras reflexiones y mejoras. La contextualización se inicia abordando en primer lugar el mecenazgo de corte, el más importante, tanto en al-Andalus, en sus distintos periodos cronológicos, como en los reinos cristianos hispanos. En este segundo caso se contextualiza el astrolabio en los reinos de Castilla, Aragón y Navarra. La incorporación de Navarra al elenco de reinos con interés por el astrolabio es otra aportación de esta tesis...
The aim of this thesis is to catalogue and contextualize the astrolabes made in al-Andalus and the Hispanic Christian Kingdoms during the Middle Ages as objects which portray a successful symbiosis between art and science. This task had not been tackled until now and it requires an approach to the astrolabe from its multiple aspects: scientific, cultural, symbolic, sumptuous and artistic. The available information on the medieval peninsular astrolabes is scarce, disperse, sometimes obsolete and, in any case, has been approached from the perspective of the history of science, something perfectly understandable due to the scientific characteristics of the astrolabes, but partly responsible for the lack of visibility of its other aspects. The layout of the catalogue is chronological and the andalusí production is separated from that of the Christian kingdoms for practical reasons. Notwithstanding that approach, the astrolabes from both sides of the border present in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages engage in a dialogue and are reunited in the chapters dealing with the cultural context and the symbolic and iconographic features. The exhaustive exercise accomplished to catalogue the 49 extant astrolabes, 34 from al-Andalus and 15 attributed to the Hispanic Christian kingdoms, has permitted modelling the workshops where they may had been made. Until now, the complex process that shapes the manufacturing of an astrolabe in the medieval period, from its conception to his completion, has not been fully addressed. The challenge has been dealt with by means of an intense fieldwork, the approach to the material objects on their own, the analysis of published primary sources and the help of an extensive and varied bibliography. All this has generated a discourse that structures a model presented as a starting point for future debates and improvements. The contextualization starts by focussing on the patronage of court, the most important one, both in al-Andalus, in its different chronological periods, and in the Hispanic Christian kingdoms. In this second case, the extant documents confirm the presence and support of astrolabes in the courts of the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon and Navarre. The addition of Navarre to the other two kingdoms, traditionally presented as involved in astrolabes, is another contribution of this thesis...
The aim of this thesis is to catalogue and contextualize the astrolabes made in al-Andalus and the Hispanic Christian Kingdoms during the Middle Ages as objects which portray a successful symbiosis between art and science. This task had not been tackled until now and it requires an approach to the astrolabe from its multiple aspects: scientific, cultural, symbolic, sumptuous and artistic. The available information on the medieval peninsular astrolabes is scarce, disperse, sometimes obsolete and, in any case, has been approached from the perspective of the history of science, something perfectly understandable due to the scientific characteristics of the astrolabes, but partly responsible for the lack of visibility of its other aspects. The layout of the catalogue is chronological and the andalusí production is separated from that of the Christian kingdoms for practical reasons. Notwithstanding that approach, the astrolabes from both sides of the border present in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages engage in a dialogue and are reunited in the chapters dealing with the cultural context and the symbolic and iconographic features. The exhaustive exercise accomplished to catalogue the 49 extant astrolabes, 34 from al-Andalus and 15 attributed to the Hispanic Christian kingdoms, has permitted modelling the workshops where they may had been made. Until now, the complex process that shapes the manufacturing of an astrolabe in the medieval period, from its conception to his completion, has not been fully addressed. The challenge has been dealt with by means of an intense fieldwork, the approach to the material objects on their own, the analysis of published primary sources and the help of an extensive and varied bibliography. All this has generated a discourse that structures a model presented as a starting point for future debates and improvements. The contextualization starts by focussing on the patronage of court, the most important one, both in al-Andalus, in its different chronological periods, and in the Hispanic Christian kingdoms. In this second case, the extant documents confirm the presence and support of astrolabes in the courts of the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon and Navarre. The addition of Navarre to the other two kingdoms, traditionally presented as involved in astrolabes, is another contribution of this thesis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia del Arte I (Medieval), leída el 29-06-2017