Al calor del amor en un bar. Explotación, trabajo y plusvalía emocional en la España turística
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2026
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Universidad de Murcia
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Rueda Córdoba, F. J. (2026). "Al calor del amor en un bar". Explotación, trabajo y plusvalía emocional en la España turística. Sociología Histórica, 16(1), 384–411. https://doi.org/10.6018/sh.668901
Abstract
Este artículo analiza los mecanismos contemporáneos de explotación laboral en el sector de la hostelería, centrándose en el trabajo emocional desempeñado por camareras y camareros en bares, cafés y restaurantes de Madrid. A partir de un corpus de 43 entrevistas, se identifican dos metáforas clave —el bar como fábrica y el bar como teatro— que permiten desentrañar cómo la gestión afectiva se convierte en una dimensión central del trabajo. En diálogo con la teoría marxista de la explotación y el giro afectivo feminista, se desarrolla el concepto de plusvalía emocional como una forma específica de extracción de valor basada en el esfuerzo emocional no remunerado ni reconocido contractualmente. Esta plusvalía, de carácter extratemporal e intangible, incrementa el beneficio empresarial sin alterar la jornada ni el salario. El artículo sostiene que estas prácticas intensifican la precariedad emocional de trabajadoras mayoritariamente feminizadas y racializadas, e interpela los límites de la teoría marxista clásica para explicar la explotación contemporánea. Finalmente, se discuten las tensiones entre autenticidad emocional, eficiencia productiva y gobierno cotidiano del bar, proponiendo una lectura interseccional de las nuevas formas de trabajo y su posible resistencia.
This article analyzes contemporary mechanisms of labor exploitation in the hospitality sector, focusing on the emotional labor performed by waitresses and waiters in bars, cafes, and restaurants in Madrid. Based on a corpus of 43 interviews, two key metaphors are identified—the bar as a factory and the bar as a theater—which allow us to unravel how affective management becomes a central dimension of work. In dialogue with Marxist theory of exploitation and the feminist affective turn, the concept of emotional surplus value is developed as a specific form of value extraction based on unpaid and contractually unrecognized emotional effort. This surplus value, which is extratemporal and intangible, increases corporate profits without altering working hours or wages. The article argues that these practices intensify the emotional precariousness of mostly feminized and racialized workers, and challenges the limits of classical Marxist theory in explaining contemporary exploitation. Finally, the tensions betweenemotional authenticity, productive efficiency, and the day-to-day management of the bar are discussed, proposing an intersectional reading of new forms of work and their possible resistance
This article analyzes contemporary mechanisms of labor exploitation in the hospitality sector, focusing on the emotional labor performed by waitresses and waiters in bars, cafes, and restaurants in Madrid. Based on a corpus of 43 interviews, two key metaphors are identified—the bar as a factory and the bar as a theater—which allow us to unravel how affective management becomes a central dimension of work. In dialogue with Marxist theory of exploitation and the feminist affective turn, the concept of emotional surplus value is developed as a specific form of value extraction based on unpaid and contractually unrecognized emotional effort. This surplus value, which is extratemporal and intangible, increases corporate profits without altering working hours or wages. The article argues that these practices intensify the emotional precariousness of mostly feminized and racialized workers, and challenges the limits of classical Marxist theory in explaining contemporary exploitation. Finally, the tensions betweenemotional authenticity, productive efficiency, and the day-to-day management of the bar are discussed, proposing an intersectional reading of new forms of work and their possible resistance










