Cosmology from the Measurement of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Scale in Large Galaxy Surveys

Abstract

Cosmology has undergone a revolution in the last few decades, driven by advancements in observational techniques, theoretical models, and computational capabilities. Among its most significant achievements is the establishment of CDM as the standard cosmological model, which has transformed our understanding of the composition and evolution of the Universe. CDM describes the Universe as composed mainly of dark energy in the form of a cosmological constant, ; cold dark matter (CDM); and ordinary baryonic matter. Each of these constituents account for a 70%, 25% and 5% of the total energy density of the Universe, respectively. Dark energy is the physical entity that drives the accelerated expansion of the Universe. It is, by far, the dominant component. Dark matter, on the other hand, does not interact with electromagnetic radiation, which makes it invisible to telescopes. Its presence is inferred through its gravitational eects on visible matter and the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe. Finally, ordinary baryonic matter, which is composed mainly of protons, neutrons, and electrons, makes up the familiar matter we can see and interact with. CDM is based on the cosmological principle, which posits that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, and on general relativity as the theory that describes the gravitational interaction. It successfully explains a wide range of cosmological observations, including the accelerated expansion of the Universe, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, the abundances of light elements, and the large-scale distribution of galaxies...La cosmología ha experimentado una revolucion en las ultimas decadas, impulsada por los avances en tecnicas de observacion, modelos teoricos y capacidades computacionales. Entre sus logros mas significativos esta el establecimiento de CDM como el modelo cosmologico estandar, el cual ha transformado nuestra comprension de la composicion y evolucion del Universo. CDM describe el Universo como compuesto principalmente de energía oscura en forma de una constante cosmologica, ; materia oscura fra (CDM, de sus siglas en ingles); y materia barionica ordinaria. Cada uno de estos constituyentes supone un 70%, 25% y 5% de la densidad energetica total del Universo, respectivamente. La energía oscura es la entidad física causante de la expansion acelerada del Universo. Es, de lejos, la componente dominante. La materia oscura, por otro lado, no interactua con la radiacion electromagnetica, lo que la hace invisible para los telescopios. Su presencia se infiere a traves de sus efectos gravitatorios sobre la materia visible y la estructura a gran escala (LSS, de sus siglas en ingles) del Universo. Finalmente, la materia barionica ordinaria, que se compone principalmente de protones, neutrones y electrones, constituye la materia familiar que podemos ver y con la que interactuamos. CDM se basa en el principio cosmologico, que postula que el Universo es homogeneo e isotropo a gran escala, y en la relatividad general como la teoría que describe la interaccion gravitatoria. Explica con exito una amplia gama de observaciones cosmologicas, incluida la expansion acelerada del Universo, la radiacion del fondo cosmico de microondas (CMB, de sus siglas en ingles), la abundancia de elementos ligeros y la distribucion de las galaxias a gran escala...