Colonisation, formal and informal institutions, and development
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2009
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales
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Abstract
This article analyses current attempts to identify the factors underlying long-term economic growth. The author criticises some the arguments and historical proofs in which are based the two main explanations which dominate recent literature: the institutional approach and those which focus on the importance of geographical factors. Using an approach which is deliberately eclectic, the author considers the role of geography, international trade, human capital and institutional quality in explaining development. A new estimation is carried out through TLSL with instrumental variables. The results of the empirical model confirm the central role of institutions in long-term economic growth. However, certain geographical conditions also seem to have influenced countries´ possibilities of progress. Human capital and trade openness are less robust in explaining economic growth.
El trabajo discute los intentos más recientes de identificar los factores subyacentes al crecimiento económico de largo plazo. El autor critica algunos de los argumentos y las pruebas históricas en que se basan las dos explicaciones que dominan la literatura reciente: el enfoque institucional y las que se centran en la importancia de los factores geográficos. Utilizando un enfoque deliberadamente ecléctico, el autor considera el papel de la geografía, el comercio internacional, el capital humano y la calidad institucional en la explicación del desarrollo. Se lleva a cabo una nueva estimación a través de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas (TLSL), con variables instrumentales. Los resultados del modelo empírico confirman el papel central que las instituciones tienen en el crecimiento económico de largo plazo. Sin embargo, ciertas condiciones geográficas también parecen haber influido en las posibilidades de progreso de los países. El capital humano y la apertura comercial son menos robustos en la explicación del crecimiento económico.
El trabajo discute los intentos más recientes de identificar los factores subyacentes al crecimiento económico de largo plazo. El autor critica algunos de los argumentos y las pruebas históricas en que se basan las dos explicaciones que dominan la literatura reciente: el enfoque institucional y las que se centran en la importancia de los factores geográficos. Utilizando un enfoque deliberadamente ecléctico, el autor considera el papel de la geografía, el comercio internacional, el capital humano y la calidad institucional en la explicación del desarrollo. Se lleva a cabo una nueva estimación a través de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas (TLSL), con variables instrumentales. Los resultados del modelo empírico confirman el papel central que las instituciones tienen en el crecimiento económico de largo plazo. Sin embargo, ciertas condiciones geográficas también parecen haber influido en las posibilidades de progreso de los países. El capital humano y la apertura comercial son menos robustos en la explicación del crecimiento económico.