Decheng, Beitang and Tushanwan Cloisonné Workshops: A New Contribution on Chinese Christian Art
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2023
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Parada López de Corselas, Manuel. 2024. Decheng, Beitang and Tushanwan Cloisonné Workshops: A New Contribution on Chinese Christian Art. Religions 15: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010057
Abstract
Recientes investigaciones han desempeñado un papel fundamental en el avance de nuestra comprensión de la producción de esmalte cloisonné en China durante los siglos XIX y XX. Sin embargo, los talleres cristianos, ya sea que operasen bajo subcontratación misionera, ya propiedad de la Iglesia Católica, aún deben ser identificados y contextualizados con precisión. Este artículo profundiza en tres contextos importantes. En primer lugar, identifica y contextualiza las conexiones e interacciones cristianas del taller privado de cloisonné de Decheng, en el que participó el obispo lazarista francés Alphonse Favier, en Pekín. En segundo lugar, identifica el taller de cloisonné establecido por los lazaristas en el complejo de Beitang en Pekín y aclara el papel que desempeñó. Por último, este artículo presenta nuevas evidencias sobre los objetos cristianos de cloisonné elaborados por el taller jesuita de Tushanwan en Shanghái. Se identifican por primera vez algunas de las obras principales de estos tres talleres. Además, este trabajo muestra que ciertas cruces de cloisonné, algunas de las cuales se cree que son originalmente japonesas -algunas tenidas por namban- fueron, en realidad, elaboradas en Beijing hacia 1920. Estos resultados preliminares contribuirán a ubicar al cloisonné cristiano chino dentro de la historia del arte chino y sus interacciones a nivel global en el contexto de la evangelización en China, la producción del llamado arte de exportación y los procesos de indigenización llevados a cabo por los misioneros lazaristas y jesuitas.
Abstract: Recent research has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cloisonné enamel production in China during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, Christian workshops,whether operating under missionary subcontracting or owned by the Catholic Church, have yet to be accurately identified and contextualized. This article delves into three significant contexts. Firstly, it identifies and contextualizes the Christian connections and interactions of the Decheng private cloisonné workshop, involving the French Lazarist Bishop Alphonse Favier, in Beijing. Secondly, it identifies the cloisonné workshop stablished by the Lazarists in the Beitang complex in Beijing and elucidates the role it played. Finally, this paper presents new evidence concerning cloisonné Christian objects crafted by the Tushanwan Jesuit workshop in Shanghai. Some of the primary works of these three workshops are identified for the first time. Additionally, this paper shows that certain cloisonné crosses, some of them thought to be originally Japanese, including those referred to as Namban, were, in fact, crafted in Beijing during the 1920s. These preliminary results will contribute to placing Chinese Christian cloisonné within the history of Chinese Art and its interactions at a global level in the context of evangelization in China, the production of the so‑called export art, and the processes of indigenization carried out by the Lazarists and the Jesuits.
Abstract: Recent research has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cloisonné enamel production in China during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, Christian workshops,whether operating under missionary subcontracting or owned by the Catholic Church, have yet to be accurately identified and contextualized. This article delves into three significant contexts. Firstly, it identifies and contextualizes the Christian connections and interactions of the Decheng private cloisonné workshop, involving the French Lazarist Bishop Alphonse Favier, in Beijing. Secondly, it identifies the cloisonné workshop stablished by the Lazarists in the Beitang complex in Beijing and elucidates the role it played. Finally, this paper presents new evidence concerning cloisonné Christian objects crafted by the Tushanwan Jesuit workshop in Shanghai. Some of the primary works of these three workshops are identified for the first time. Additionally, this paper shows that certain cloisonné crosses, some of them thought to be originally Japanese, including those referred to as Namban, were, in fact, crafted in Beijing during the 1920s. These preliminary results will contribute to placing Chinese Christian cloisonné within the history of Chinese Art and its interactions at a global level in the context of evangelization in China, the production of the so‑called export art, and the processes of indigenization carried out by the Lazarists and the Jesuits.