Toxicity, physiological, and ultrastructural effects of Arsenic and Cadmium on the extremophilic microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila

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dc.contributor.authorDíaz, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorFrancisco Martínez, Patricia de
dc.contributor.authorOlsson, Sanna
dc.contributor.authorAguilera, Ángeles
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Toril, Elena
dc.contributor.authorMartín González, Ana María
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-16T15:18:11Z
dc.date.available2023-06-16T15:18:11Z
dc.date.issued2020-03-03
dc.description.abstractThe cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd), arsenate (As(V)), and arsenite (As(III)) on a strain of Chlamydomonas acidophila, isolated from the Rio Tinto, an acidic environment containing high metal(l)oid concentrations, was analyzed. We used a broad array of methods to produce complementary information: cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation measures, ultrastructural observations, transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (TEM–XEDS), and gene expression. This acidophilic microorganism was affected differently by the tested metal/metalloid: It showed high resistance to arsenic while Cd was the most toxic heavy metal, showing an LC50 = 1.94 µM. Arsenite was almost four-fold more toxic (LC50= 10.91 mM) than arsenate (LC50 = 41.63 mM). Assessment of ROS generation indicated that both arsenic oxidation states generate superoxide anions. Ultrastructural analysis of exposed cells revealed that stigma, chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria were the main toxicity targets. Intense vacuolization and accumulation of energy reserves (starch deposits and lipid droplets) were observed after treatments. Electron-dense intracellular nanoparticle-like formation appeared in two cellular locations: inside cytoplasmic vacuoles and entrapped into the capsule, around each cell. The chemical nature (Cd or As) of these intracellular deposits was confirmed by TEM–XEDS. Additionally, they also contained an unexpected high content in phosphorous, which might support an essential role of poly-phosphates in metal resistance.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología
dc.description.facultyFac. de Ciencias Biológicas
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)/Banco de Santander
dc.description.statuspub
dc.eprint.idhttps://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/60573
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph17051650
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827, ESSN: 1660-4601
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051650
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6261
dc.issue.number5
dc.journal.titleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final20
dc.page.initial1
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.projectID(CGL2015-69758-P and RTI2018-094867-B-I00)
dc.relation.projectIDPR6/13-18856
dc.rightsAtribución 3.0 España
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.subject.cdu582.26/.27
dc.subject.cdu579.26
dc.subject.keywordArsenic
dc.subject.keywordAcidophiles
dc.subject.keywordCadmium
dc.subject.keywordCytotoxicity
dc.subject.keywordExtremophiles
dc.subject.keywordUltrastructure
dc.subject.keywordROS
dc.subject.ucmEcología (Biología)
dc.subject.ucmMicrobiología (Biología)
dc.subject.unesco2401.06 Ecología animal
dc.subject.unesco2414 Microbiología
dc.titleToxicity, physiological, and ultrastructural effects of Arsenic and Cadmium on the extremophilic microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila
dc.typejournal article
dc.volume.number17
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione48abb18-103b-4edc-9081-81a44bc92b44
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye48abb18-103b-4edc-9081-81a44bc92b44
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