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Marks of autopsy and identification of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries: the case of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

dc.contributor.authorRíos Frutos, Luis Francisco
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, Berta
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Rubio, Almudena
dc.contributor.authorHerrasti, Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorEtxeberria, Francisco
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-09T12:26:24Z
dc.date.available2024-02-09T12:26:24Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.descriptionThis research is part of the project financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CSO2012-32709.
dc.description.abstractThe presence of autopsy marks in human skeletal remains indicates a medicolegal procedure related to ascertaining the cause and manner of death. We present here four cases where signs of autopsy were observed in the remains recovered from mass graves and cemeteries of prisoners from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), victims of extrajudicial executions, and of death in prison, respectively. With respect to the former, historical evidence indicate that during the first weeks after the coup, official removal of cadavers and autopsy procedures were carried out to the first victims of extrajudicial killings, whose corpses were found abandoned in the road. Once the civil war was established and systematic extrajudicial killings were systematic, official military orders were issued to stop standard forensic proceedings. Therefore, autopsy marks observed in the remains exhumed from mass graves located in cemeteries may be indicative of an earlier chronology of the killings, and this information proved to be relevant for the identification process in one of the cases presented. In a cemetery of political prisoners, autopsy signs were also observed in two skeletal remains and in the official records of two prisoners, a corroboration of information also relevant for the identification process. These findings indicate that autopsy marks can be found in the remains of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries. Skeletal and archival information could be useful for the identification process in other cases of large-scale violence, where the first victims of extrajudicial executions were buried unidentified in cemeteries after autopsy procedures.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución
dc.description.facultyFac. de Ciencias Biológicas
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationRíos, L., Martínez, B., García-Rubio, A. et al. Marks of autopsy and identification of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries: the case of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Int J Legal Med 128, 889–895 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-013-0896-6
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00414-013-0896-6
dc.identifier.essn1437-1596
dc.identifier.issn0937-9827
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-013-0896-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100912
dc.journal.titleInternational Journal of Legal Medicine
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final895
dc.page.initial889
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rights.accessRightsrestricted access
dc.subject.cdu572
dc.subject.keywordAutopsy marks
dc.subject.keywordIdentification
dc.subject.keywordCemetery
dc.subject.keywordExtrajudicial execution
dc.subject.keywordSpanish Civil War
dc.subject.ucmAntropología biológica
dc.subject.unesco2402 Antropología (Física)
dc.titleMarks of autopsy and identification of victims of human rights violations exhumed from cemeteries: the case of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number128
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication58e6edb3-bc58-48fa-9616-71f2177cab14
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery58e6edb3-bc58-48fa-9616-71f2177cab14

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