Análisis y aplicación de las series radiactivas naturales para la resolución de problemas medioambientales
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2026
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25/11/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las fuentes radiactivas naturales responsables de la dosis que recibe la población provienen de forma general del suelo, del agua y del aire. Además, el ser humano está expuesto a la radiactividad cosmogénica debida a la radiación proveniente del espacio. Los radionucleidos naturales que contribuyen a esta dosis son los pertenecientes a las series radiactivas naturales (uranio, torio y actinio), el 40K y el 87Rb principalmente. Las series radiactivas naturales son las responsables de la mayor parte de la dosis que recibe el ser humano y en particular el 222Rn es el radionucleido de la serie del uranio que mayor contribución tiene en la dosis. Los radionucleidos del suelo son también una fuente de dosis debida a radiación externa e interna. La radiación externa se valora a partir de la dosis absorbida a 1 m sobre el suelo que luego se transforma a dosis efectiva anual que debe ser inferior a 1 mSv. La dosis por ingestión e inhalación (dosis interna) se debe al posible polvo en suspensión del suelo y el paso de los radionucleidos a la cadena trófica. Por tanto, es necesario disponer de valores de concentración de actividad de los radionucleidos presentes en el suelo para poder estimar estas dosis internas...
Natural radioactive sources responsible for the dose received by the population generally originate from the soil, water, and air. Additionally, humans are exposed to cosmogenic radioactivity due to radiation from space. The natural radionuclides that contribute to this dose are those belonging to the natural radioactive series (uranium, thorium, and actinium), primarily 40K and 87Rb. Natural radioactive series are responsible for the majority of the dose received by humans, and, in particular, 222Rn is the radionuclide from the uranium series that contributes most to the dose. Radionuclides in the soil are also a source of dose due to external and internal radiation. External radiation is assessed based on the absorbed dose at 1 m above the ground, which is then converted into an annual effective dose that must be less than 1 mSv. The dose from ingestion and inhalation (internal dose) results from possible suspended dust from the soil and the transfer of radionuclides into the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to have activity concentration values of the radionuclides present in the soil to estimate these internal doses...
Natural radioactive sources responsible for the dose received by the population generally originate from the soil, water, and air. Additionally, humans are exposed to cosmogenic radioactivity due to radiation from space. The natural radionuclides that contribute to this dose are those belonging to the natural radioactive series (uranium, thorium, and actinium), primarily 40K and 87Rb. Natural radioactive series are responsible for the majority of the dose received by humans, and, in particular, 222Rn is the radionuclide from the uranium series that contributes most to the dose. Radionuclides in the soil are also a source of dose due to external and internal radiation. External radiation is assessed based on the absorbed dose at 1 m above the ground, which is then converted into an annual effective dose that must be less than 1 mSv. The dose from ingestion and inhalation (internal dose) results from possible suspended dust from the soil and the transfer of radionuclides into the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to have activity concentration values of the radionuclides present in the soil to estimate these internal doses...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 25/11/2025







