Influencia de la composición lipídica de la nutrición parenteral total en el desarrollo de disfunción hepática y evolución clínica de pacientes hospitalizados
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2024
Defense date
24/10/2024
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
La nutrición parenteral (NP) es una técnica nutricional que permite la administración intravenosa de nutrientes a pacientes que no pueden alcanzar los requerimientos nutricionales a través de la vía oral o enteral, o en los que no se puede utilizar el tracto gastrointestinal con seguridad. Su introducción en la clínica en los últimos años ha permitido el soporte nutricional de los pacientes en una amplia variedad de situaciones clínicas con el fin de mantener o restaurar su estado nutricional. De entre los distintos macronutrientes que la conforman, los lípidos constituyen un componente integral ya que permiten un alto aporte energético y proporcionan ácidos grasos esenciales como el ácido linoleico y el α-linolénico. Sin embargo, la composición de ácidos grasos (AG) que presentan y el uso prolongado de estas emulsiones lipídicas (E.L), especialmente a dosis >1g/kg/día, tiene efectos directos en el desarrollo de complicaciones, entre las que destacan las alteraciones hepatobiliares. Las emulsiones basadas en aceite de soja han sido la principal fuente lipídica de la NP a lo largo de los años. Sin embargo, su alto contenido en AG poliinsaturados ω-6 y fitoesteroles las convierten en emulsiones con un potencial proinflamatorio y hepatotóxico lo que ha desencadenado el desarrollo en los últimos años de nuevas generaciones lipídicas con menor contenido en AG poliinsaturados ω-6 y mayor en AG monoinsaturados ω-9 y AG poliinsaturados ω-3, como las basadas en aceite de oliva y pescado...
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a nutritional technique that allows the intravenous administration of nutrients to patients who cannot achieve nutritional requirements through the oral or enteral route, or in whom the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used safely. Its introduction into the clinic in recent years has allowed nutritional support of patients in a wide variety of clinical situations in order to maintain or restore their nutritional status.Among the different macronutrients that make up the PN, lipids are an integral component since they provide a high energy intake and essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. However, both the fatty acid (FA) composition and the prolonged use of lipid emulsions (L.E), especially at doses >1g/kg/day, have direct effects on the development of complications, among which hepatobiliary complications stand out.Soybean oil-based emulsions have been the main lipid source of PN over the years. However, their high content in polyunsaturated ω-6 PUFA and phytosterols make them emulsions with a proinflammatory and hepatotoxic potential, which has triggered the development in the last few years of new lipid generations with lower content in polyunsaturated ω-6 PUFA and higher content in monounsaturated ω-9 PUFA and polyunsaturated ω-3 PUFA, such as those based on olive oil and fish oil...
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a nutritional technique that allows the intravenous administration of nutrients to patients who cannot achieve nutritional requirements through the oral or enteral route, or in whom the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used safely. Its introduction into the clinic in recent years has allowed nutritional support of patients in a wide variety of clinical situations in order to maintain or restore their nutritional status.Among the different macronutrients that make up the PN, lipids are an integral component since they provide a high energy intake and essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. However, both the fatty acid (FA) composition and the prolonged use of lipid emulsions (L.E), especially at doses >1g/kg/day, have direct effects on the development of complications, among which hepatobiliary complications stand out.Soybean oil-based emulsions have been the main lipid source of PN over the years. However, their high content in polyunsaturated ω-6 PUFA and phytosterols make them emulsions with a proinflammatory and hepatotoxic potential, which has triggered the development in the last few years of new lipid generations with lower content in polyunsaturated ω-6 PUFA and higher content in monounsaturated ω-9 PUFA and polyunsaturated ω-3 PUFA, such as those based on olive oil and fish oil...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 24/10/2023