Nuevos mecanismos de garantía del Estado de Derecho en la Unión Europea: límites a la identidad nacional
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2022
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Aranzadi
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Abstract
Desde hace más de una década asistimos a una relectura populista de la identidad nacional basada en buena medida en la defensa, no de las particularidades jurídico-constitucionales propias de los Estados democráticos, sino de unas pretendidas singularidades histórico-culturales, étnicas y sociales, a partir de las que se pretenden justificar flagrantes vulneraciones de los valores fundacionales de la UE. Urge por ello concretar los límites del deber de respeto de la identidad nacional a partir de la defensa de una noción basada en una convergencia sustantiva o material entre ordenamientos. Así parece estar entendiéndose desde Bruselas a partir del impulso de los nuevos mecanismos de garantía del Estado de derecho que, en opinión de esta autora, no están sino contribuyendo a la consolidación de los valores del art. 2 TUE como límites absolutos al art. 4.2 TUE. En este contexto, este trabajo pretende incidir en una afirmación que, aun no siendo novedosa, debe ser recordada en un contexto caracterizado por el auge del populismo: el deber de respeto por la UE de la identidad nacional encuentra un límite infranqueable en el deber de respeto por sus Estados miembros de los valores que integran la identidad europea.
For more than a decade, we have been witnessing a populist re-reading of national identity based to a large extent on the defence, not of the legal-constitutional particularities of democratic states, but of supposed historical-cultural, ethnic and social singularities. On the basis of this reading, some states seek to justify flagrant violations of the EU's founding values. It is therefore urgent to clarify the limits of national identity by defending a notion based on substantive or material convergence between legal systems. This seems to be the understanding in Brussels based on the promotion of new mechanisms for guaranteeing the rule of law which, in this author's opinion, are contributing to the consolidation of the values of art. 2 TEU as absolute limits of art. 4.2 TEU. This paper aims to highlight an assertion which, although not new, is worth recalling in a context characterised by the rise of populism: the EU's duty to respect national identity finds an insurmountable limit in the duty of its member states to respect the values that make up European identity itself
For more than a decade, we have been witnessing a populist re-reading of national identity based to a large extent on the defence, not of the legal-constitutional particularities of democratic states, but of supposed historical-cultural, ethnic and social singularities. On the basis of this reading, some states seek to justify flagrant violations of the EU's founding values. It is therefore urgent to clarify the limits of national identity by defending a notion based on substantive or material convergence between legal systems. This seems to be the understanding in Brussels based on the promotion of new mechanisms for guaranteeing the rule of law which, in this author's opinion, are contributing to the consolidation of the values of art. 2 TEU as absolute limits of art. 4.2 TEU. This paper aims to highlight an assertion which, although not new, is worth recalling in a context characterised by the rise of populism: the EU's duty to respect national identity finds an insurmountable limit in the duty of its member states to respect the values that make up European identity itself
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Sumario: 1.- Idiosincrasia constitucional y límites a la primacía 2.- Una cuestión de convergencia 3.- Populismos e identidad nacional 4.- Democracias iliberales y paradoja de Copenhague 4.1.- Hungría y Polonia como punto de inflexión 4.2.- Los nuevos mecanismos de garantía del Estado de Derecho 5.- Conclusiones. Bibliografía.