Lecciones de Derecho público y administrativo, impartidas por Tomás María Vizmanos en la Escuela de Caminos durante el curso 1839/1840
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2023
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Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Abstract
Un manuscrito catalogado como anónimo y sin fechar en la Biblioteca Nacional de España resulta ser el curso de Derecho administrativo español más antiguo conocido hasta el momento. Se trata de las "Lecciones de Derecho público y administrativo" impartidas en 1839/1840 por Tomás María Vizmanos Quintela, primer catedrático de la disciplina en la Escuela especial de caminos. Escritas en primera persona por un jurista comprometido con su tiempo, las Lecciones permiten tomar el pulso a un periodo apasionante en el que el régimen representativo y el proyecto de Estado administrativo estaban afianzándose. Además de arrojar luz sobre algunos debates historiográficos, evidencian cómo las obras públicas están en los orígenes de la Administración, el Derecho administrativo y la ciencia del Derecho administrativo. Divididas en dos partes, la primera aborda el Derecho político, prestando atención al dato jurídico-positivo, alejada, por tanto, del tono especulativo y abstracto por entonces característico de los estudios de este tipo. La segunda se dedica al Derecho administrativo, entendido ya como Derecho especial esencialmente distinto del Derecho civil. Por todo esto, más allá de su carácter pionero, las Lecciones revisten mucho interés. De ahí que el CEPC las publique en este volumen precedidas de una presentación y un estudio preliminar.
La presentación explica cómo se ha realizado el hallazgo y las razones por las que las Lecciones de Vizmanos son de suma importancia tanto para la historia tanto del Derecho constitucional como del Derecho administrativo.
El estudio preliminar contextualiza y comenta las Lecciones. A tal efecto, aborda su marco político y científico, así como la cátedra en la que fueron dictadas; la biografía y obra del autor; y, en fin, su estructura y contenido.
La figura de Tomás María Vizmanos, nacido en Ribadvia (Orense) en 1809, personifica el nacimiento del Derecho administrativo en España, lo que ha sido ignorado hasta el momento. Por un lado, distanciándose del proyecto de Código Civil de 1821, sustrajo la naciente Administración del movimiento codificar como vocal de la Comisión del Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia encargada de la elaboración del proyecto de Código Civil de 1836; y, por otro, enfatizó la especialidad de la nueva disciplina como primer catedrático encargado de ella al dictar estas Lecciones de Derecho público y administrativo y como vocal que fue hasta su temprano fallecimiento en 1856 del Tribunal contencioso-administrativo.
A manuscript cataloged as anonymous and undated in the National Library of Spain turns out to be the oldest known treaty on Spanish administrative law. These are the "Lectures on Public and Administrative Law," taught in 1839/1840 by Tomás María Vizmanos Quintela, the first professor of the discipline at the Special School of Ingineering. Written in the first person by a jurist committed to his time, the Lectures provide an insight into an exciting period in which the representative government and the project of the administrative state were taking hold. In addition to shedding light on some historiographical debates, they demonstrate how public works are at the origins of administration, administrative law, and the science of administrative law. Divided into two parts, the first addresses political law, focusing on positive legal data, thus distancing itself from the speculative and abstract tone characteristic of studies of this type at the time. The second is devoted to administrative law, now understood as special law essentially distinct from civil law. For all these reasons, beyond their pioneering nature, the Lectures are of great interest. Hence, the CEPC publishes them in this volume, preceded by a presentation and a preliminary study. The presentation explains how the discovery was made and the reasons why Vizmanos's Lectures are of utmost importance to the history of both constitutional law and administrative law. The preliminary study contextualizes and comments on the Lectures. To this end, it addresses their political and scientific framework, as well as the department in which they were taught; the author's biography and work; and, finally, their structure and content. The figure of Tomás María Vizmanos, born in Ribadvia (Orense) in 1809, personifies the birth of administrative law in Spain, something that has been ignored until now. On the one hand, distancing himself from the draft Civil Code of 1821, he removed the nascent administration from the codification movement as a member of the Ministry of Grace and Justice Commission charged with drafting the draft Civil Code of 1836; and, on the other, he emphasized the specialization of the new discipline as the first professor in charge of it, teaching these Lectures on Public and Administrative Law and as a member of the "contencioso-administrativo" Tribunal until his early death in 1856.
A manuscript cataloged as anonymous and undated in the National Library of Spain turns out to be the oldest known treaty on Spanish administrative law. These are the "Lectures on Public and Administrative Law," taught in 1839/1840 by Tomás María Vizmanos Quintela, the first professor of the discipline at the Special School of Ingineering. Written in the first person by a jurist committed to his time, the Lectures provide an insight into an exciting period in which the representative government and the project of the administrative state were taking hold. In addition to shedding light on some historiographical debates, they demonstrate how public works are at the origins of administration, administrative law, and the science of administrative law. Divided into two parts, the first addresses political law, focusing on positive legal data, thus distancing itself from the speculative and abstract tone characteristic of studies of this type at the time. The second is devoted to administrative law, now understood as special law essentially distinct from civil law. For all these reasons, beyond their pioneering nature, the Lectures are of great interest. Hence, the CEPC publishes them in this volume, preceded by a presentation and a preliminary study. The presentation explains how the discovery was made and the reasons why Vizmanos's Lectures are of utmost importance to the history of both constitutional law and administrative law. The preliminary study contextualizes and comments on the Lectures. To this end, it addresses their political and scientific framework, as well as the department in which they were taught; the author's biography and work; and, finally, their structure and content. The figure of Tomás María Vizmanos, born in Ribadvia (Orense) in 1809, personifies the birth of administrative law in Spain, something that has been ignored until now. On the one hand, distancing himself from the draft Civil Code of 1821, he removed the nascent administration from the codification movement as a member of the Ministry of Grace and Justice Commission charged with drafting the draft Civil Code of 1836; and, on the other, he emphasized the specialization of the new discipline as the first professor in charge of it, teaching these Lectures on Public and Administrative Law and as a member of the "contencioso-administrativo" Tribunal until his early death in 1856.
Description
Edición, presentación (9 págs) y estudio preliminar (52 págs.): Luis Medina Alcoz. Transcripción del ejemplar manuscrito de la Biblioteca Nacional de España para su publicación (215 págs): Miguel Ángel Sevilla Duro. Los trabajos de edición han consistido en encargar y supervisar la transcripción, así como revisar el texto final, lo que ha incluido la asignación entre corchetes de nombre a las partes y lecciones (ausentes en el original) para facilitar el manejo del libro y captar de un vistazo su estructura.
La obra hace constar expresamente que el estudio preliminar fue evaluado anónimamente de manera favorable por especialistas sin vinculación con el CEPC y que la Colección en la que se inserta ha recibido el Premio Nacional de Edición Universitaria 2007 a la mejor colección de la Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas.









