Memoria, Trauma y Resiliencia en Refugiados y Solicitantes de Asilo
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2021
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25/01/2021
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Un aspecto característico de comienzos del Siglo XXI es el incremento exponencial de los flujos migratorios forzados. Pese a que diferentes razones pueden convertir a una persona en un desplazado forzoso, el acceso a la protección internacional no es un proceso directo ni automático. Con frecuencia, los refugiados y los solicitantes de asilo se exponen a situaciones de riesgo, violencia e incertidumbre desde que salen de sus países de origen hasta que consiguen el derecho a asilo. Así, la falta de mecanismos y de vías legales para optar a la protección internacional junto con la escasa voluntad política europea para gestionar de forma humana las actuales migraciones, hace que muchos refugiados nunca lleguen a estar protegidos. En esta dirección, la acumulación de eventos traumáticos es habitual, aunque al mismo tiempo, surgen mecanismos resilientes que minimizan el impacto de los daños psicológicos provocados por la migración forzada y, por todo aquello que se deja atrás (familia en situación de riesgo, país, identidad…). De esta manera, el proceso de adaptación psicológica de los refugiados y de los solicitantes de asilo mantiene en disputa los recuerdos traumáticos que motivaron la migración, con la generación de nuevas memorias que se constituirán como estrategias de afrontamiento...
One of the main relevant aspects of the beginning of this century is the exponential increase concerning forced migratory flows. Despite multiple reasons may drive to refugee conditions, the access to international protection is not a direct nor an automatic process. In a frequent manner, refugees and asylum seekers are exposed to violent scenarios and are in risk since they flee their country until they arrive in the host society and get the refugee status. Moreover, due to the lack of a legal mechanism to get the asylum and the absence of any political interest to manage the current migratory flux, there are refugees who are never under protection. In this vein, the cumulative effect of traumatic event is frequent and affects their mental health, although it can be minimized by the resilient mechanisms that emerge under these circumstances. Refugees need to deal with their traumatic memories in order to cope with the adversity. At the same time, they need to integrate themselves into the new society and create new memories as coping strategies...
One of the main relevant aspects of the beginning of this century is the exponential increase concerning forced migratory flows. Despite multiple reasons may drive to refugee conditions, the access to international protection is not a direct nor an automatic process. In a frequent manner, refugees and asylum seekers are exposed to violent scenarios and are in risk since they flee their country until they arrive in the host society and get the refugee status. Moreover, due to the lack of a legal mechanism to get the asylum and the absence of any political interest to manage the current migratory flux, there are refugees who are never under protection. In this vein, the cumulative effect of traumatic event is frequent and affects their mental health, although it can be minimized by the resilient mechanisms that emerge under these circumstances. Refugees need to deal with their traumatic memories in order to cope with the adversity. At the same time, they need to integrate themselves into the new society and create new memories as coping strategies...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 25/01/2021