Nuevos abordajes para la caracterización del sistema inmune y de las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de hepatocitos en ratones reporteros de linaje celular con y sin daño hepático
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2025
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18/04/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La insuficiencia hepática aguda (ALF) consiste en el rápido deterioro de la función hepática en ausencia de enfermedad hepática crónica subyacente. Entre sus posibles etiologías, el daño inducido por fármacos (Drug-Induced Liver Injury, DILI), y más concretamente por el paracetamol (APAP, del inglés acetaminophen), es la causa más prevalente en los países desarrollados. Desgraciadamente, no existen biomarcadores predictivos o de diagnóstico temprano que permitan predecir de forma precisa el desarrollo de los síntomas más graves o implementar tratamientos de forma precoz. El perfil inmunológico y las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) representan posibles fuentes de biomarcadores obtenibles de forma rápida y no invasiva para el paciente. La investigación de ambas fuentes en modelos experimentales murinos, sin embargo, está dificultada por limitaciones relevantes, como la ausencia de protocolos que permitan un estudio amplio y repetido en el tiempo en el caso de las células inmunes circulantes o, en el caso de las VEs, la existencia de problemas relacionados con la estandarización de los protocolos de aislamiento, la determinación del tipo celular de origen en organismos vivos, o el estudio de la biodistribución de las VEs de tipos celulares concretos...
The syndrome of acute liver failure (ALF) consists of the rapid deterioration of liver function in the absence of underlying chronic liver disease. Among its possible etiologies, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), particularly the one due to acetaminophen (APAP), is the most prevalent cause in developed countries. Unfortunately, there are no predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers that allow us to accurately predict the development of the most severe symptoms or to implement early treatments. The immune profile and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent possible sources of biomarkers that can be obtained quickly and non-invasively from the patient. The investigation of both sources in murine experimental models, however, is hindered by relevant limitations, such as the absence of protocols that allow a broad and repeated study over time in the case of circulating immune cells or, in the case of Evs, the existence of problems related to the standardization of isolation protocols, the determination of the cell type of origin in living organisms, or the study of the biodistribution of Evs from specific cell types...
The syndrome of acute liver failure (ALF) consists of the rapid deterioration of liver function in the absence of underlying chronic liver disease. Among its possible etiologies, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), particularly the one due to acetaminophen (APAP), is the most prevalent cause in developed countries. Unfortunately, there are no predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers that allow us to accurately predict the development of the most severe symptoms or to implement early treatments. The immune profile and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent possible sources of biomarkers that can be obtained quickly and non-invasively from the patient. The investigation of both sources in murine experimental models, however, is hindered by relevant limitations, such as the absence of protocols that allow a broad and repeated study over time in the case of circulating immune cells or, in the case of Evs, the existence of problems related to the standardization of isolation protocols, the determination of the cell type of origin in living organisms, or the study of the biodistribution of Evs from specific cell types...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 18-04-2024