Estudio de las características clínicas e inmunológicas de las reacciones adversas y de hipersensibilidad a antineoplásicos y anticuerpos monoclonales. Eficacia y seguridad de la desensibilización
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2025
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15/10/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El aumento en los casos de cáncer ha hecho que el uso de los antineoplásicos sea cada vez mayor y, de la misma manera, en las enfermedades autoinmunes, se ha incrementado el uso de los anticuerpos monoclonales debido a su mejor control de la enfermedad y la mejora en la calidad de vida del paciente. Las reacciones adversas a estos medicamentos han aumentado como resultado de las exposiciones repetidas, convirtiéndose en la causa principal de evitación. La evaluación alergológica permite, por un lado, descartar la reactividad clínica permitiendo la reintroducción del medicamento y evitando la desensibilización. Por otro lado, en caso de positividad en el estudio alergológico, la desensibilización permite la readministración de este de forma eficaz y segura. Metodología. Estudio epidemiológico observacional ambispectivo de pacientes derivados al Servicio de Alergología del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre por sospecha de reacciones de hipersensibilidad a antineoplásicos y/o anticuerpos monoclonales. De forma retrospectiva se incluyeron los datos de pacientes valorados en un periodo de 13 años (2003-2016) recogiendo la información de los datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y/o de los propios pacientes en el caso de que fuese posible. De modo prospectivo, se incluyeron a los pacientes evaluados en un periodo de 3 años (2016-2019)...
The increase in cancer cases has led to greater use of antineoplastics and, similarly, in autoimmune diseases, the use of monoclonal antibodies has increased due to their better control of the disease and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Adverse reactions to these drugs have increased because of repeated exposures, becoming a major cause of avoidance. Allergological assessment allows, on the one hand, to rule out clinical reactivity allowing reintroduction of the drug and avoiding desensitization. On the other hand, in the case of a positive allergological test, desensitization allows an effective and safe readministration of the drug. Materials and methods. Ambispective observational epidemiological study of patients referred to the Allergy Department of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre for suspected hypersensitivity reactions to antineoplastic and/or monoclonal antibodies. We retrospectively included data from patients evaluated over a 13-year period (2003-2016), collecting information from patients' medical records and/or from the patients themselves, if possible. Patients evaluated over a 3-year period (2016-2019) were included prospectively...
The increase in cancer cases has led to greater use of antineoplastics and, similarly, in autoimmune diseases, the use of monoclonal antibodies has increased due to their better control of the disease and improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Adverse reactions to these drugs have increased because of repeated exposures, becoming a major cause of avoidance. Allergological assessment allows, on the one hand, to rule out clinical reactivity allowing reintroduction of the drug and avoiding desensitization. On the other hand, in the case of a positive allergological test, desensitization allows an effective and safe readministration of the drug. Materials and methods. Ambispective observational epidemiological study of patients referred to the Allergy Department of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre for suspected hypersensitivity reactions to antineoplastic and/or monoclonal antibodies. We retrospectively included data from patients evaluated over a 13-year period (2003-2016), collecting information from patients' medical records and/or from the patients themselves, if possible. Patients evaluated over a 3-year period (2016-2019) were included prospectively...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 15/10/2024