La represión del magisterio de primera enseñanza en Madrid: memoria y olvido en tiempos de Franco (1936-1945)
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2025
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30/06/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La presente tesis doctoral saca a la luz, casi 85 años después, una de las etapas más controvertidas de la Historia de España. Se acerca a un pasado traumático que ha permanecido oculto hasta hace poco. La depuración del magisterio representa un ejemplo de incautación de la memoria disidente, de aquella memoria que permaneció alejada de los discursos de legitimación del régimen franquista, llevando a cabo numerosas medidas para garantizar un proceso progresivo de des-memorización colectiva y de contra-memoria en una sociedad abatida por la guerra. En este contexto desmemoria impuesta, desvela una parcela de la Historia de la Educación olvidada, con el propósito de contribuir a una pedagogía crítica que reivindique su memoria represaliada. Navegando entre su historia y su memoria, destapa la represión franquista que se extendió por todo el territorio nacional y que, a medida que avanzaba la contienda bélica, afectó también a la enseñanza madrileña. A partir de 1939, el magisterio de la provincia de Madrid fue sometido a un proceso de depuración basado en diversos criterios y mecanismos, con el propósito de evaluar, valorar y decidir sobre el futuro profesional de los/las docentes. La depuración se presentó como un proceso arbitrario y punitivo, en el que se priorizaron criterios ideológicos, políticos, religiosos y morales por encima de las competencias pedagógicas. Este enfoque, a su vez, resultó en la configuración de un nuevo perfil docente basado en los valores del nacionalcatolicismo...
This doctoral thesis sheds light, nearly 85 years later, on one of the most controversial periodsin Spanish history. It delves into a traumatic past that has remained hidden until recently. The purging of the teaching profession represents an example of the confiscation of dissident memory—of a memory excluded from the legitimising narratives of the Francoist regime—which implemented numerous measures to ensure a gradual process of collective forgetting and counter-memory in a society shattered by war. In this context of enforced oblivion, the thesis uncovers a chapter of the history of education, aiming to contribute to a critical pedagogy that reclaims the memory of those who were persecuted. Navigating between history and memory, it reveals the Francoist repression that spread across the entire country and, as the Civil War progressed, also impacted education in Madrid. From 1939 onwards, the teaching profession in the province of Madrid was subjected to a purging process based on various criteria and mechanisms, aimed at evaluating, assessing, and deciding the professional future of educators. This purge was an arbitrary and punitive process, where ideological, political, religious, and moral criteria were prioritised over pedagogical competencies. This approach, in turn, led to the creation of a new teaching profile grounded in the values of National Catholicism...
This doctoral thesis sheds light, nearly 85 years later, on one of the most controversial periodsin Spanish history. It delves into a traumatic past that has remained hidden until recently. The purging of the teaching profession represents an example of the confiscation of dissident memory—of a memory excluded from the legitimising narratives of the Francoist regime—which implemented numerous measures to ensure a gradual process of collective forgetting and counter-memory in a society shattered by war. In this context of enforced oblivion, the thesis uncovers a chapter of the history of education, aiming to contribute to a critical pedagogy that reclaims the memory of those who were persecuted. Navigating between history and memory, it reveals the Francoist repression that spread across the entire country and, as the Civil War progressed, also impacted education in Madrid. From 1939 onwards, the teaching profession in the province of Madrid was subjected to a purging process based on various criteria and mechanisms, aimed at evaluating, assessing, and deciding the professional future of educators. This purge was an arbitrary and punitive process, where ideological, political, religious, and moral criteria were prioritised over pedagogical competencies. This approach, in turn, led to the creation of a new teaching profile grounded in the values of National Catholicism...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Educación, leída el 30/06/2025













