Electrochemical bioanalysis: All that still hides the tip of the iceberg

Abstract

The tremendous advances in electrochemical biosensing that have occurred recently, highlighting as never before the versatility and adaptability of the resulting biotools, together with the innovations in the natural-inspired bioreceptor production, electrode substrate fabrication, miniaturizable electronics, materials science, digitization and artificial intelligence that can empower electrochemical biosensing have changed the perception of what we have seen and what electrochemical biosensing can offer us. This minireview aims to give a brief and current bird's eye view of the most recent innovations in electrochemical biosensing involving design, manufacturing, characteristics and applications, supported by references to broaden and deepen concepts. The goal is to convince the reader that electrochemical bioanalysis has so far only shown us a small part of its wide and multifaceted world of which we will continue to be privileged witnesses in the coming years.