Evolución de las características clínico-epidemiológicas y terapéuticas en la Cohorte de niños y adolescentes con infección VIH de España
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2026
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21/10/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La infección por VIH en población pediátrica ha disminuido su incidencia gracias a las medidas de control de transmisión vertical como TAR en la gestación y en el recién nacido. También ha mejorado considerablemente su evolución gracias al TAR y al uso de formulaciones pediátricas adaptadas para esta población. Este cambio en la epidemia de VIH en población pediátrica ha modificado el perfil de los niños y adolescentes con infección VIH (CALHIV). No obstante, aun con buen control inmunológico y virológico los CALHIV requieren seguimiento médico estrecho, pudiendo presentar mayor riesgo de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles o siendo más vulnerables a nuevos patógenos. Además, no existe tratamiento curativo, y la infección se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica. En general presentan buen pronóstico y buena calidad de vida si existe buena adherencia al TAR, pero esto no siempre ocurre: el diagnóstico puede ser tardío o el rechazo al TAR estar presente, y la infección evolucionar a formas graves, con un desenlace fatal y fallecimiento de los pacientes...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the pediatric population has evolved since the first cases declared. Thanks to measures that control vertical transmission and the implementation of children-kind formulations of antiretroviral drugs the HIV epidemic in pediatrics has changed. The profile of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) has been modified and their clinical course have improved in our setting. Nevertheless, these patients require close medical follow-up. They may have a higher risk of vaccine preventable diseases or be more vulnerable to new pathogens, even with good immunological and virological control. Unfortunately, there is still no curative treatment for the infection, and it has become a chronic disease. HIV infection presented a good prognosis and quality of life if there is good adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, this does not always happen: diagnosis may be delayed, ART non-adherence may occur, and the infection may progress to severe forms, leading to fatal outcomes and patient death...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the pediatric population has evolved since the first cases declared. Thanks to measures that control vertical transmission and the implementation of children-kind formulations of antiretroviral drugs the HIV epidemic in pediatrics has changed. The profile of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) has been modified and their clinical course have improved in our setting. Nevertheless, these patients require close medical follow-up. They may have a higher risk of vaccine preventable diseases or be more vulnerable to new pathogens, even with good immunological and virological control. Unfortunately, there is still no curative treatment for the infection, and it has become a chronic disease. HIV infection presented a good prognosis and quality of life if there is good adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, this does not always happen: diagnosis may be delayed, ART non-adherence may occur, and the infection may progress to severe forms, leading to fatal outcomes and patient death...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 21-10-2025. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)











