El cerebro como estructura disipativa
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2024
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Abstract
Si se busca comprender el funcionamiento del cerebro, hay que dejar de considerarlo un sistema en equilibrio, ya que se ve sometido permanentemente a flujos variables de energía, materia e información. Desde el punto de vista de la termodinámica, la otra opción es estudiarlo de acuerdo con el formalismo de la termodinámica del no equilibrio. En concreto, resulta especialmente apropiado utilizar el concepto de estructura disipativa, estructuras autoorganizadas que surgen en sistemas muy alejados del equilibrio y que se mantienen gracias al aporte de flujos externos. Estas estructuras permiten que haya la variabilidad necesaria para poder explicar el surgimiento de fenómenos como la consciencia. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de algunos de los aspectos que refuerzan esta concepción del cerebro como estructura disipativa. Se explica cómo el proceso cerebral más básico, el potencial de acción que genera y transmite una neurona, encaja en este nuevo marco teórico, para luego pasar a estudiar comportamientos de mayor escala. Se presta especial interés a la importancia de los ritmos cerebrales, lo cual permite estudiar la conectividad entre distintas
regiones, el surgimiento de patrones a gran escala y diversos mecanismos cerebrales.
If the goal is to comprehend brain functioning, it must not be considered a system in equilibrium, since it is constantlysubjected to variable flows of energy, matter and information. Thermodinamically speaking, the other approach is to study it according to the formalism of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. It is specifically convenient to use the concept of dissipative structure, selforganized structures which appear in far from equilibrium systems and which are maintained thanks to external influxes. These structures allow the necessary variability to explain the emergence of phenomena such as consciousness. This thesis reviews some aspects that reinforce this concepton of the brain as a dissipative structure. It is explained how the most basic neural process, the action potential generated and transmitted by a neuron, fits into this new theoretical framework, and then larger scale behaviours are studied. Special interest is given to the importance of brain rhytms, which enable the study of connectivity between different regions, broad-scale pattern formation and various brain mechanisms.
If the goal is to comprehend brain functioning, it must not be considered a system in equilibrium, since it is constantlysubjected to variable flows of energy, matter and information. Thermodinamically speaking, the other approach is to study it according to the formalism of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. It is specifically convenient to use the concept of dissipative structure, selforganized structures which appear in far from equilibrium systems and which are maintained thanks to external influxes. These structures allow the necessary variability to explain the emergence of phenomena such as consciousness. This thesis reviews some aspects that reinforce this concepton of the brain as a dissipative structure. It is explained how the most basic neural process, the action potential generated and transmitted by a neuron, fits into this new theoretical framework, and then larger scale behaviours are studied. Special interest is given to the importance of brain rhytms, which enable the study of connectivity between different regions, broad-scale pattern formation and various brain mechanisms.











