Responsabilidad subjetiva (Mens Rea) en el derecho internacional penal. Unificación de conceptos en el derecho continental europeo y el derecho anglosajón
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2024
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13/07/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Uno de los problemas que enfrenta la justicia penal universal, es que se utilizan conceptos que corresponden al derecho anglosajón o al derecho continental europeo, y no se evidencian esfuerzos por unificarlos en su significado en el derecho penal internacional, quizás con fundamento en un dogma repetido: el derecho penal internacional tiene sus propios conceptos. Es evidente que este derecho penal mundial no surgió de nuevos conceptos, ni de juristas neutrales o desvinculados de su experiencia nacional. La más importante contribución en el consenso de los conceptos proviene de los autores de derecho penal internacional, dado que en la justicia de la Corte Penal Internacional se ha considerado que de acuerdo al artículo 21 del ER, solo se puede acudir a los principios generales derivados de los derechos nacionales, incluidos los de aquellos Estados a los que les hubiera correspondido ejercer su jurisdicción en el caso, cuando la normativa de la Corte o de las fuentes del derecho internacional no sea posible aplicar. Se advierte que el camino más directo posible, ante las contradicciones o lagunas de la jurisprudencia, es recurrir de nuevo a las más importantes nociones de los sistemas de derecho nacionales y transformarlos en conceptos del derecho penal internacional, cumpliendo con un requisito básico: los parámetros de derechos humanos deben estar presentes en toda la construcción de conceptos jurídicos, debiendo descartarse aquellos que no cumplan con esta perspectiva...
One of the problems facing universal criminal justice, is that concepts from the Anglo-Saxon law or continental European law are used, without efforts to unify their meaning in the International Criminal Law, perhaps based on a repeated dogma: international criminal law has its own concepts. It is evident that this world criminal law did not arise from new concepts, nor from neutral jurists or disconnected from their national experience.The most important contribution in the consensus of the concepts comes from the authors of international criminal law, given that in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court it has been considered that according to article 21 of the Rome Statute, judges can only go to the general principles derived from national rights, including those from States that would have had to exercise their jurisdiction in the case, when the regulations of the Court or of the sources of international law are not possible to apply.It is noted that the most direct path possible, given the contradictions or gaps in the jurisprudence is to resort again to the most important notions of the national legal systems and transform them into concepts of International Criminal Law, fulfilling a basic requirement: the human rights parameters must be present in all the construction of legal concepts and those that do not comply with this perspective must be discarded...
One of the problems facing universal criminal justice, is that concepts from the Anglo-Saxon law or continental European law are used, without efforts to unify their meaning in the International Criminal Law, perhaps based on a repeated dogma: international criminal law has its own concepts. It is evident that this world criminal law did not arise from new concepts, nor from neutral jurists or disconnected from their national experience.The most important contribution in the consensus of the concepts comes from the authors of international criminal law, given that in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court it has been considered that according to article 21 of the Rome Statute, judges can only go to the general principles derived from national rights, including those from States that would have had to exercise their jurisdiction in the case, when the regulations of the Court or of the sources of international law are not possible to apply.It is noted that the most direct path possible, given the contradictions or gaps in the jurisprudence is to resort again to the most important notions of the national legal systems and transform them into concepts of International Criminal Law, fulfilling a basic requirement: the human rights parameters must be present in all the construction of legal concepts and those that do not comply with this perspective must be discarded...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 13/07/2023