Historia y evolución del tratamiento frente a Trichomonas vaginalis : desarrollo de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas
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2024
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16/04/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La tricomonosis es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) causada por el protozoo parásito Trichomonas vaginalis. Es la ITS curable de etiología no vírica con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial con más de 156 millones de infecciones cada año. Estos datos epidemiológicos están infraestimados debido al gran número de infecciones asintomáticas, el infradiagnóstico y al no ser una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria. Además, hay una elevada prevalencia de este parásito en áreas menos desarrolladas y en poblaciones con menor nivel socioeconómico donde no se realiza la detección de la infección de manera adecuada. Esta enfermedad presenta un amplio abanico de manifestaciones clínicas, desde casos asintomáticos hasta infecciones agudas del aparato genitourinario. Cabe destacar los problemas asociados a esta infección durante el embarazo, tales como rotura prematura de membranas, parto prematuro, niños con bajo peso al nacer o neumonía por aspiración en el neonato. La tricomonosis también se asocia con mayor riesgo de contraer otras ITS tanto de origen bacteriano (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum) como vírico, tales como VIH, virus del papiloma humano (VPH) o virus del herpes simple (VHS). Varios estudios afirman que la probabilidad de infección por VIH es hasta 3 veces mayor en personas infectadas por T. vaginalis. Asimismo, este protozoo duplica la probabilidad de cáncer de cuello uterino y algunos autores asocian esta parasitosis a una mayor predisposición al desarrollo de cáncer de próstata...
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is the most prevalent curable non-viral STI worldwide, with over 156 million infections each year. These epidemiological data are underestimated due to a large number of asymptomatic infections, underdiagnosis, and the fact that trichomoniasis is not a notifiable disease. Additionally, there is a high prevalence among low-income population and in less developed areas, where proper diagnosis is not routinely performed. This disease presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to acute infections of the genitourinary tract. Notably, complications associated with this infection during pregnancy include premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, low birth weight, or aspiration pneumonia in newborns. Trichomoniasis is also linked to an increased risk of acquiring other STIs, both bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum) or viral, such as HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV). Several studies suggest that the risk of HIV infection is up to 3 times higher in population infected with T. vaginalis. Furthermore, this protozoan doubles the likelihood of cervical cancer, and some authors associate this parasitosis with a higher predisposition to prostate cancer...
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is the most prevalent curable non-viral STI worldwide, with over 156 million infections each year. These epidemiological data are underestimated due to a large number of asymptomatic infections, underdiagnosis, and the fact that trichomoniasis is not a notifiable disease. Additionally, there is a high prevalence among low-income population and in less developed areas, where proper diagnosis is not routinely performed. This disease presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to acute infections of the genitourinary tract. Notably, complications associated with this infection during pregnancy include premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, low birth weight, or aspiration pneumonia in newborns. Trichomoniasis is also linked to an increased risk of acquiring other STIs, both bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum) or viral, such as HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV). Several studies suggest that the risk of HIV infection is up to 3 times higher in population infected with T. vaginalis. Furthermore, this protozoan doubles the likelihood of cervical cancer, and some authors associate this parasitosis with a higher predisposition to prostate cancer...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 16-04-2024