Receptores de la inmunidad innata y la infección bacteriana : enfoques computacionales para el estudio del reconocimiento molecular y el diseño de fármacos
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2023
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03/10/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El trabajo presentado en esta Tesis Doctoral está centrado en el estudio, desde una aproximación computacional, de receptores de la inmunidad innata y la infección bacteriana. Específicamente, nos hemos centrado en las proteínas del complemento Factor H (FH), la proteína FHR-1 (FH-related protein 1) y C5a, y en la proteína de la conjugación bacteriana TrwB. El sistema del complemento desempeña un papel claveen la homeostasis y en la inmunidad innata, y el Factor H y las proteínas relacionadas con el Factor H participan en su regulación. En el suero de pacientes con patologías relacionadas con la desregulación del complemento se han encontrado mutaciones y reordenamientos en los genes que codifican para el Factor H y las proteínas relacionadas con el Factor H. Nuestra investigación se ha centrado en explorar los mecanismos de reconocimiento molecular de ácidos siálicos involucrando a estas proteínas relacionadas con FH y su relación con estas patologías, específicamente en el síndrome urémicohemolítico atípico (SHUa).Por otro lado, nos hemos fijado en otra proteína del sistema del complemento, la proteína C5a, una anafilotoxina con una potente actividad proinflamatoria que puede verse afectada en procesos de inmunoevasión. Hay estudios que han demostrado quela proteína bacteriana gliceraldehído-3-fosfato deshidrogenasa (GAPDH) es capaz de reconocer y secuestrar a C5a para evitar su acción proinflamatoria, pero hasta la fechase desconoce cómo tiene lugar el proceso de reconocimiento molecular GAPDH/C5a. En este trabajo hemos estudiado las interacciones entre la proteína GAPDH de cinco especies diferentes (A. vaginae, C. perfringens, L. interrogans, S. aureus y S. pyogenes) yC5a humana por medio de técnicas computacionales. Hemos identificado parches de interacción comunes entre las diferentes GAPDHs bacterianas, observando que coinciden con secuencias conservadas, proporcionando las bases moleculares para este mecanismo de inmunoevasión...
The work presented in this PhD Thesis is focused on the study of molecular recognition processes in receptors of innate immunity and bacterial infection, in particular, on the complement system proteins Factor H, Factor-H related protein 1, and C5a, and on the bacterial conjugation protein TrwB. The complement system plays a key role in host homeostasis and innate immunity, and Factor H and Factor-H related proteins are involved on its regulation. Mutations and rearrangements in the genes that codify for Factor H and Factor-H related proteins have been found in the serum of patients with pathologies related with complement dysregulation. Therefore, our research has been focused on the computational exploration of the mechanisms of molecular recognition of sialic acids involving these Factor-H related proteins and the relationship with one of these pathologies, specifically in the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Other remarkable protein of the complement system is C5a, an anaphylatoxin with a powerful proinflammatory activity which may be affected in immunoevasion processes. Studies have shown that the bacterial protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) is able to recognize and sequester C5a to prevent its proinflammatory action. However, to date it is not known how this GAPDH/C5a molecular recognition process takes place. Here, we have studied the interaction between GAPDH from five different species (A. vaginae, C. perfringens, L. interrogans,S. aureus and S. pyogenes) and human C5a by means of computational techniques. We have identified interaction patches common among the different bacterial GAPDHs, and are coincident with conserved sequences, accounting for the molecular basis for this immunoevasion mechanism...
The work presented in this PhD Thesis is focused on the study of molecular recognition processes in receptors of innate immunity and bacterial infection, in particular, on the complement system proteins Factor H, Factor-H related protein 1, and C5a, and on the bacterial conjugation protein TrwB. The complement system plays a key role in host homeostasis and innate immunity, and Factor H and Factor-H related proteins are involved on its regulation. Mutations and rearrangements in the genes that codify for Factor H and Factor-H related proteins have been found in the serum of patients with pathologies related with complement dysregulation. Therefore, our research has been focused on the computational exploration of the mechanisms of molecular recognition of sialic acids involving these Factor-H related proteins and the relationship with one of these pathologies, specifically in the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Other remarkable protein of the complement system is C5a, an anaphylatoxin with a powerful proinflammatory activity which may be affected in immunoevasion processes. Studies have shown that the bacterial protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) is able to recognize and sequester C5a to prevent its proinflammatory action. However, to date it is not known how this GAPDH/C5a molecular recognition process takes place. Here, we have studied the interaction between GAPDH from five different species (A. vaginae, C. perfringens, L. interrogans,S. aureus and S. pyogenes) and human C5a by means of computational techniques. We have identified interaction patches common among the different bacterial GAPDHs, and are coincident with conserved sequences, accounting for the molecular basis for this immunoevasion mechanism...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 03-10-2022