CHROME Criteria and Quality of Life: A Pilot Study from Maria Wolff-Albertia

Abstract

Background: Over- and potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications is a major public health concern among people with dementia.

Objective: Describe the CHemical Restraints avOidance MEthodology (CHROME) criteria and evaluate its effects on psychotropic prescribing and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Observational, prospective, two-wave study conducted in two nursing homes. A multicomponent program to eliminate chemical restraints and attain quality prescription of psychotropic medications was implemented. CHROME’s diagnostic criteria comprise constellations of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia under six primary syndromic diagnoses. Since pharmacologic treatment is aimed at only one syndrome, polypharmacy is avoided. Psychotropic prescription, QoL, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), and other clinical measurements were collected before and one year after the intervention. Results are presented for all residents ( n = 171) and for completer subjects ( n = 115).

Results: Mean age (SD) of the residents was 87.8 (5.7), 78.9% were women, and 68.5% suffered advanced dementia. Psychotropic prescriptions decreased from 1.9 (1.1) to 0.9 (1.0) ( p < 0.0005). Substantive reduction in prescribing frequency was observed for antidepressants (76.9% pre-intervention, 33.8% post-intervention) and for atypical neuroleptics (38.8% pre-intervention, 15.1% post-intervention). There was improvement in patient’s response to surroundings ( p < 0.0005) and total NPS ( p < 0.01), but small worsening occurred in social interaction ( p < 0.02, completer subjects). Safety measurements remained stable.

Conclusion: CHROME criteria appear to optimize psychotropic prescriptions, avoid chemical restraints, and allow external verification of quality prescriptions. Extensive use seems feasible, related to substantial reduction of prescriptions, and of benefit for people with dementia as de-prescriptions are not associated to increased NPS or QoL loss.