Implantación de protocolos de analgesia y sedación intravenosa en el paciente crítico
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2024
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07/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El uso seguro de los medicamentos constituye una de las prioridades en todo el sistema sanitario, siendo especialmente relevante en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). En este ámbito los procedimientos terapéuticos frecuentemente implican el uso de medicamentos de alto riesgo (MAR), en muchas ocasiones por vía endovenosa, para pacientes graves y complejos, siendo necesario una comunicación estrecha entre todos los profesionales implicados en el proceso. Todo ello conlleva que el paciente crítico sea especialmente vulnerable a sufrir errores de medicación (EM).Los medicamentos de alto riesgo (MAR) se definen como medicamentos que tienen un riesgo muy elevado de causar daños graves al paciente o la muerte cuando se utilizan de forma incorrecta (Cohen et al., 2007). El Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISPM) elaboró una lista de medicamentos de alto riesgo, entre los que se encuentran anestésicos inhalados e intravenosos (propofol, dexmedetomidina, ketamina), sedantes suaves (midazolam) y opiáceos intravenosos, orales y transdérmicos (ISMP, 2012)...
The safe use of medicines is one of the priorities throughout the healthcare system, being especially relevant in Intensive Care Units (ICU). In this setting, therapeutic procedures frequently involve the use of high-alert medications often intravenously, for critical and complex patients, requiring close communication between all professionals involved in the process. All this means that the critically ill patient is particularly vulnerable to medication errors.High-alert medications (HAM) are defined as medicines that are very likely to cause serious harm to the patient or death when used incorrectly. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISPM) developed a list of high-alert medications, which includes inhaled and intravenous anaesthetics (propofol, dexmedetomidine, ketamine), mild sedatives (midazolam), and intravenous, oral and transdermal opioids (ISMP, 2012).There are several published studies that show the prevalence of medication errors at each of the phases of the medication use process: 39% occurs in the prescription phase, 12% in the prescription transcription, 11% in the dispensing phase and 38% in the drug administration phase. Administration errors are the most difficult to prevent and only 2% are known to be intercepted (Manrique et al., 2011)...
The safe use of medicines is one of the priorities throughout the healthcare system, being especially relevant in Intensive Care Units (ICU). In this setting, therapeutic procedures frequently involve the use of high-alert medications often intravenously, for critical and complex patients, requiring close communication between all professionals involved in the process. All this means that the critically ill patient is particularly vulnerable to medication errors.High-alert medications (HAM) are defined as medicines that are very likely to cause serious harm to the patient or death when used incorrectly. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISPM) developed a list of high-alert medications, which includes inhaled and intravenous anaesthetics (propofol, dexmedetomidine, ketamine), mild sedatives (midazolam), and intravenous, oral and transdermal opioids (ISMP, 2012).There are several published studies that show the prevalence of medication errors at each of the phases of the medication use process: 39% occurs in the prescription phase, 12% in the prescription transcription, 11% in the dispensing phase and 38% in the drug administration phase. Administration errors are the most difficult to prevent and only 2% are known to be intercepted (Manrique et al., 2011)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 07/09/2023