Editorial: Metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes: identification of biomarkers

Abstract

Diabetes is a prolonged metabolic disease that causes major harm to the nerves, blood vessels, eyes, heart and kidneys. Hyperglycaemia or increase in blood glucose levels are hallmark of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness in which the pancreas is incapable of producing sufficient insulin on its own, whereas Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most prevalent, typically affects adults, and develops due to either insulin insufficiency or resistance. The prevalence of T2D has sharply increased during the last three decades in all nations and age groups. Diabetes is a global pandemic and diabetes-related health expenditures were estimated at 966 billion USD in 2021 and are projected to reach 1,054 billion USD by 2045 (1). According to World Health Organisation (WHO), diabetes affects over 830 million people globally. Over the past few decades, there has been a steady rise in the number of persons with diabetes and those who do not get treatment for the disease. The primary global objectives of researchers are to either stop or limit the increase of diabetes. While the etiology of T2D is many-sided, the induction of insulin resistance (IR) is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling directly contribute to hyperglycaemia.