La construcción del pensamiento crítico y el oficio de la investigación interdisciplinaria: minuta para incursionar en el estudio de la dialéctica desarrollo-subdesarrollo
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2021
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo relacionar los estudios sobre el desarrollo con el ejercicio del pensamiento crítico, el oficio de la investigación interdisciplinaria y el pluralismo teórico/metodológico, a partir de la deconstrucción de los conocimientos y saberes convencionales que perfilan un pensamiento hegemónico dotado de conceptos y valores absolutos, eternos, dualistas, lineales, universales y, por tanto, etnocéntricos, en torno a la dialéctica desarrollo/subdesarrollo. Además de comprender la relevancia y utilidad del pensamiento crítico para la construcción de nuevas torías del desarrollo, resulta pertinente desestabilizar esta noción y comprender sus dos aristas –como proceso y como ideología preñada de una retórica de buenas intenciones. De cara a las rupturas y crisis históricas, se presenta un desfase o un desanclaje entre los sistemas teórico/conceptuales y el mundo fenoménico que nos obligar a rastrear los desafíos epistemológicos que enfrentan los estudios sobre el desarrollo y que imponen la necesidad de construir nuevos conceptos que enfaticen en los rasgos sui géneris de las sociedades y territorios. Como la noción de desarrollo no es neutral, sino que está preñada de supuestos axiológicos, éticos, normativos, ideológicos y prescriptivos, resulta también pertinente comprender la relación contradictoria entre conocimiento (academia) y poder (praxis política).
The objective of this article is to relate studies on development with the exercise of critical thinking, the profession of interdisciplinary research and theoretical / methodological pluralism, based on the deconstruction of conventional knowledge and knowledge that outlines a hegemonic thinking endowed with concepts and absolute, eternal, dualistic, linear, universal and, therefore, ethnocentric values, around the development / underdevelopment dialectic. In addition to understanding the relevance and usefulness of critical thinking for the construction of new development theories, it is pertinent to destabilize this notion and understand its two edges - as a process and as a pregnant ideology of a rhetoric of good intentions. In the face of historical ruptures and crises, there is a gap or a de-anchoring between the theoretical / conceptual systems and the phenomenal world that forces us to track the epistemological challenges facing development studies and that impose the need to build new concepts that emphasize the sui generis features of societies and territories. Since the notion of development is not neutral, but is fraught with axiological, ethical, normative, ideological and prescriptive assumptions, it is also pertinent to understand the contradictory relationship between knowledge (academy) and power (political praxis).
The objective of this article is to relate studies on development with the exercise of critical thinking, the profession of interdisciplinary research and theoretical / methodological pluralism, based on the deconstruction of conventional knowledge and knowledge that outlines a hegemonic thinking endowed with concepts and absolute, eternal, dualistic, linear, universal and, therefore, ethnocentric values, around the development / underdevelopment dialectic. In addition to understanding the relevance and usefulness of critical thinking for the construction of new development theories, it is pertinent to destabilize this notion and understand its two edges - as a process and as a pregnant ideology of a rhetoric of good intentions. In the face of historical ruptures and crises, there is a gap or a de-anchoring between the theoretical / conceptual systems and the phenomenal world that forces us to track the epistemological challenges facing development studies and that impose the need to build new concepts that emphasize the sui generis features of societies and territories. Since the notion of development is not neutral, but is fraught with axiological, ethical, normative, ideological and prescriptive assumptions, it is also pertinent to understand the contradictory relationship between knowledge (academy) and power (political praxis).