Aplicaciones Arcgis Online para trabajos de campo y
laboratorio y publicaciones científicas sobre
geomorfología glaciar y cambio climático: ensayo en el
Nevado Hualcán (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)
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Publication date
2020
Defense date
29/10/2020
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Abstract
El siguiente trabajo ha consistido en desarrollar herramientas mediante aplicaciones de Arcgis Online para diseñar un sistema en el que organizar la información geográfica de muestras de superficies de unidades geomorfológicas representativas de fases de avance (bloques morrénicos) y retroceso (lechos rocosos pulidos) glaciar. Se trata de muestras recogidas para obtener cronologías absolutas, empleando métodos cosmogénicos, y relativas, utilizando el martillo Schmidt para evaluar la alteración de las superficies. En dichos métodos, una mayor acumulación de isótopos cosmogénicos y/o una alteración más intensa equivalen a cronologías más dilatadas, y una abundancia más reducida de isótopos y/o una alteración menor, son equivalentes a edades más recientes. El sistema permite acompañar todo el proceso de investigación. Permite interpretar y llevar al campo un esquema geomorfológico (las crestas de las morrenas) para seleccionar unidades potenciales a muestrear. Además, sirve para anotar las variables que deben incluirse durante el trabajo de campo (localización, dimensiones, blindaje topográfico y otras). Más adelante es útil para registrar la información generada por el tratamiento de las muestras: durante la preparación mecánica (molido y tamizado de las muestras), el análisis y preparación física (p.e. composición mineral por rayos X, separación magnética o cantidad de cuarzo) y la preparación química (spyke, estándar, blancos, etc…).
Finalmente, el sistema también sirve para acompañar la publicación de los resultados como material suplementario de los artículos científicos, incluyendo, además de la información anterior, las edades de exposición o el grado de alteración medido con el martillo Schmidt. El sistema se ha desarrollado en el entorno de ArcGIS online de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, creando un grupo específico para los contenidos de este trabajo, incluyendo aplicaciones generadas por mapas web (para representación cartográfica), formularios Survey123 (para introducir datos y fotos de campo y laboratorio) y un cuadro de instrumentos Dashboard, donde se organiza toda la información. De esta manera el investigador comparte la información de forma inmediata con quien considere necesario, en un sistema de gestión muy potente que ahorra el tiempo que requiere la transferencia de información entre soportes analógicos y digitales, evita los errores que puede generar ese proceso, y sirve como entorno de trabajo para todo el equipo del proyecto. La captura de datos no requiere conexión a internet, que solo es precisa para enviar y almacenar la información en la nube, y las aplicaciones se pueden operar en cualquier terminal informático (teléfono móvil, tablet y
ordenador). La propuesta se ha ensayado con datos de campo y laboratorio obtenidos por el proyecto CRYOPERU entre 2014 y 2020. Sin embargo, puede aplicarse en cualquier campo
de la investigación, básica o aplicada. Las aplicaciones desarrolladas por este trabajo acompañarán como material suplementario a las publicaciones científicas del proyecto
CRYOPERU.
The following work consisted of developing tools using Arcgis Online applications to design a system in which to organise the geographical information of surface samples of geomorphological units representative of glacial advance (moraine boulders) and retreat (polished bed rocks) phases. These are samples collected to obtain absolute chronologies, using cosmogenic methods, and relative ones, using the Schmidt hammer to evaluate the alteration of the surfaces. In these methods, a greater accumulation of cosmogenic isotopes and/or a more intense alteration are equivalent to longer chronologies, and a smaller abundance of isotopes and/or a lesser alteration are equivalent to more recent ages. The system makes it possible to accompany the entire research process. It allows to interpret and take to the field a geomorphological scheme (the moraine ridges) to select potential units to be sampled. In addition, it serves to note the variables that must be included during the field work (location, dimensions, topographic shielding and others). Later on it is useful to record the information generated by the treatment of the samples: during the mechanical preparation (grinding and sieving of the samples), the analysis and physical preparation (e.g. mineral composition by X-ray, magnetic separation or quantity of quartz) and the chemical preparation (spyke, standard, targets, etc...). Finally, the system also serves to accompany the publication of the results as supplementary material to the scientific articles, including, in addition to the above information, the ages of exposure or the degree of alteration measured with the Schmidt hammer. The system has been developed in the ArcGIS online environment of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, creating a specific group for the contents of this work, including applications generated by web maps (for cartographic representation), Survey123 forms (for entering data and field and laboratory photos) and a Dashboard, where all the information is organised. In this way, the researcher shares the information immediately with whoever he or she considers necessary, in a very powerful management system that saves the time required to transfer information between analogue and digital media, avoids the errors that this process can generate, and serves as a working environment for the entire project team. Data capture does not require an internet connection, which is only necessary to send and store the information in the cloud, and the applications can be operated on any computer terminal (mobile phone, tablet and computer). The proposal has been tested with field and laboratory data obtained by the CRYOPERU project between 2014 and 2020. However, it can be applied in any field of research, basic or applied. The applications developed by this work will accompany as supplementary material the scientific publications of the CRYOPERU project.
The following work consisted of developing tools using Arcgis Online applications to design a system in which to organise the geographical information of surface samples of geomorphological units representative of glacial advance (moraine boulders) and retreat (polished bed rocks) phases. These are samples collected to obtain absolute chronologies, using cosmogenic methods, and relative ones, using the Schmidt hammer to evaluate the alteration of the surfaces. In these methods, a greater accumulation of cosmogenic isotopes and/or a more intense alteration are equivalent to longer chronologies, and a smaller abundance of isotopes and/or a lesser alteration are equivalent to more recent ages. The system makes it possible to accompany the entire research process. It allows to interpret and take to the field a geomorphological scheme (the moraine ridges) to select potential units to be sampled. In addition, it serves to note the variables that must be included during the field work (location, dimensions, topographic shielding and others). Later on it is useful to record the information generated by the treatment of the samples: during the mechanical preparation (grinding and sieving of the samples), the analysis and physical preparation (e.g. mineral composition by X-ray, magnetic separation or quantity of quartz) and the chemical preparation (spyke, standard, targets, etc...). Finally, the system also serves to accompany the publication of the results as supplementary material to the scientific articles, including, in addition to the above information, the ages of exposure or the degree of alteration measured with the Schmidt hammer. The system has been developed in the ArcGIS online environment of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, creating a specific group for the contents of this work, including applications generated by web maps (for cartographic representation), Survey123 forms (for entering data and field and laboratory photos) and a Dashboard, where all the information is organised. In this way, the researcher shares the information immediately with whoever he or she considers necessary, in a very powerful management system that saves the time required to transfer information between analogue and digital media, avoids the errors that this process can generate, and serves as a working environment for the entire project team. Data capture does not require an internet connection, which is only necessary to send and store the information in the cloud, and the applications can be operated on any computer terminal (mobile phone, tablet and computer). The proposal has been tested with field and laboratory data obtained by the CRYOPERU project between 2014 and 2020. However, it can be applied in any field of research, basic or applied. The applications developed by this work will accompany as supplementary material the scientific publications of the CRYOPERU project.