Impacto del abordaje multidisciplinar en la incidencia y curso clínico de la infección de la herida quirúrgica tras esternotomía
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2025
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22/10/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El diagnóstico y tratamiento de la infección de la herida quirúrgica supone reto tanto para médicos generalistas como para cirujanos. En cirugía cardiaca la morbimortalidad de esta complicación resulta especialmente elevada cuando la infección se extiende a estructuras profundas vitales como ocurre en la mediastinitis postesternotomía (MPE). Esta complicación supone una mortalidad de en torno al 40% una vez es diagnosticada. La colaboración multidisciplinar entre distintas especialidades médicas y enfermería puede mejorar el manejo de esta complicación, permitiendo combinar un enfoque quirúrgico, clínico y microbiológico. Bajo esta premisa, se va analizaron en esta tesis los efectos de un abordaje multidisciplinar sobre la incidencia de la mediastinitis postesternotomía. En una primera fase se describieron los efectos del trabajo conjunto cirujano-internista sobre el éxito en el tratamiento y la supervivencia en la MPE. En una segunda fase, se puso a prueba la hipótesis principal de esta tesis: la creación de un equipo multidisciplinar (médico cirujano, médico clínico, personal de enfermería) dedicado a la vigilancia, cuidado y tratamiento de la infección de la herida quirúrgica puede conseguir reducir la incidencia de la mediastinitis postesternotomía...
Surgical wound infection remains a challenge for both general practitioners and surgeons. In fields like cardiac surgery, the morbidity and mortality associated with this complication are particularly high when the infection involves vital deep structures, as is the case with post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM). This complication is associated with a mortality rate of around 50%. In the search for novel strategies to address this complication, it becomes evident that the treatment of surgical infection involves collaboration across various medical specialties and requires an approach that combines surgical interventions, medical treatments, and microbiological analyses. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze the effects of a multidisciplinary approach on the incidence of post-sternotomy mediastinitis. To achieve this objective, we decided to run a preliminary analysis comparing the outcomes in terms of mortality and treatment failure in patients diagnosed with PSM between 2010 and 2020. Our primary objective for this first analysis was to corroborate if a collaborative approach between surgeons and internists resulted in improved outcomes. Secondary, we searched with a multivariate analysis to look for other variables related with our outcome. In a second phase, the main hypothesis of this project would be tested. We theorize that the creation of a multidisciplinary team comprising a cardiac surgeon, an internal medicine physician with special interest in infectious diseases and a highly specialized nurse) dedicated to surveillance, care, and treatment of surgical wound infection can lead to a reduction in the incidence of post-sternotomy mediastinitis...
Surgical wound infection remains a challenge for both general practitioners and surgeons. In fields like cardiac surgery, the morbidity and mortality associated with this complication are particularly high when the infection involves vital deep structures, as is the case with post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM). This complication is associated with a mortality rate of around 50%. In the search for novel strategies to address this complication, it becomes evident that the treatment of surgical infection involves collaboration across various medical specialties and requires an approach that combines surgical interventions, medical treatments, and microbiological analyses. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze the effects of a multidisciplinary approach on the incidence of post-sternotomy mediastinitis. To achieve this objective, we decided to run a preliminary analysis comparing the outcomes in terms of mortality and treatment failure in patients diagnosed with PSM between 2010 and 2020. Our primary objective for this first analysis was to corroborate if a collaborative approach between surgeons and internists resulted in improved outcomes. Secondary, we searched with a multivariate analysis to look for other variables related with our outcome. In a second phase, the main hypothesis of this project would be tested. We theorize that the creation of a multidisciplinary team comprising a cardiac surgeon, an internal medicine physician with special interest in infectious diseases and a highly specialized nurse) dedicated to surveillance, care, and treatment of surgical wound infection can lead to a reduction in the incidence of post-sternotomy mediastinitis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 22/10/2024