Human milk cortisol and immune factors over the first three postnatal months: Relations to maternal psychosocial distress

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dc.contributor.authorAparicio, Marina
dc.contributor.authorBrowne, Pamela D.
dc.contributor.authorHechler, Christine
dc.contributor.authorBeijers, Roseriet
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Gómez, Juan Miguel
dc.contributor.authorde Weerth, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorFernández Álvarez, Leonides
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-08T17:05:43Z
dc.date.available2024-02-08T17:05:43Z
dc.date.issued2020-05-21
dc.description.abstractBackground: Many biologically active factors are present in human milk including proteins, lipids, immune factors, and hormones. The milk composition varies over time and shows large inter-individual variability. This study examined variations of human milk immune factors and cortisol concentrations in the first three months post-partum, and their potential associations with maternal psychosocial distress. Methods: Seventy-seven healthy mothers with full term pregnancies were enrolled, of which 51 mothers collected morning milk samples at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-delivery. Maternal psychosocial distress was assessed at 6 weeks post-delivery using questionnaires for stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Immune factors were determined using multiplex immunoassays and included innate immunity factors (IL1β, IL6, IL12, IFNγ, TNFα), acquired immunity factors (IL2, IL4, IL10, IL13, IL17), chemokines (IL8, Groα, MCP1, MIP1β), growth factors (IL5, IL7, GCSF, GMCSF, TGFβ2) and immunoglobulins (IgA, total IgG, IgM). Cortisol was quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A linear mixed effects model was fit to test whether stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms individually predicted human milk cortisol concentrations after accounting for covariates. Repeated measurement analyses were used to compare women with high (n = 13) versus low psychosocial distress (n = 13) for immune factors and cortisol concentrations. Results: Virtually all immune factors and cortisol, with the exception of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), were detected in the human milk samples. The concentrations of the immune factors decreased during the first 3 months, while cortisol concentrations increased over time. No correlation was observed between any of the immune factors and cortisol. No consistent relationship between postnatal psychosocial distress and concentrations of immune factors was found, whereas higher psychosocial distress was predictive of higher cortisol concentrations in human milk. Conclusion: In the current study we found no evidence for an association between natural variations in maternal distress and immune factor concentrations in milk. It is uncertain if this lack of association would also be observed in studies with larger populations, with less uniform demographic characteristics, or with women with higher (clinical) levels of anxiety, stress and/or depressive symptoms. In contrast, maternal psychosocial distress was positively related to higher milk cortisol concentrations at week 2 post-delivery. Further investigation on maternal psychosocial distress in relation to human milk composition is warranted. .
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria
dc.description.facultyFac. de Veterinaria
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Economı´a y Competitividad (Spain), AGL2016-75476-R
dc.description.sponsorshipNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (016. Veni.195.197)
dc.description.sponsorshipNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (016.Vici. 185.038)
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationAparicio M, Browne PD, Hechler C, Beijers R, Rodrı´guez JM, de Weerth C, et al. (2020) Human milk cortisol and immune factors over the first three postnatal months: Relations to maternal psychosocial distress. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233554
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0233554
dc.identifier.essn1932-6203
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233554
dc.identifier.pmid32437424
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100572
dc.issue.number5
dc.journal.titlePloS ONE
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.initiale0233554
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.relation.projectIDAGL2016-75476-R
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.cdu641/642
dc.subject.cdu618
dc.subject.keywordCortisol
dc.subject.keywordHuman milk
dc.subject.keywordPaternal psychosocial distress
dc.subject.keywordImmune factors
dc.subject.ucmCiencias
dc.subject.ucmCiencias Biomédicas
dc.subject.unesco32 Ciencias Médicas
dc.subject.unesco33 Ciencias Tecnológicas
dc.subject.unesco2412 Inmunología
dc.subject.unesco3309.99 Otras
dc.titleHuman milk cortisol and immune factors over the first three postnatal months: Relations to maternal psychosocial distress
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number15
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication5a0ccdac-6fa4-40c7-8e77-082364812226
relation.isAuthorOfPublication93ac7dd4-5d4a-459d-986d-01f9a64d4fd0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery5a0ccdac-6fa4-40c7-8e77-082364812226
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