La presencia de los superhéroes en los movimientos sociales: los cómics como espacio de resemantización identitaria estadounidense (1960-1970)
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2023
Defense date
22/12/2022
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral presenta como objetivo principal el análisis de los mecanismos narrativos empleados en el cómic de superhéroes para incorporar las reivindicaciones planteadas por los movimientos sociales de los Estados Unidos de 1960 y 1970, periodo calificado por varios especialistas como la “Segunda Reconstrucción”. Para cumplir este objetivo, esta investigación parte del análisis de dos dimensiones fundamentales. El eje vertebrador de este estudio es el periodo conocido como Segunda Reconstrucción, en el que un conjunto de agrupaciones sociales reclama una resemantización de la identidad estadounidense. Desde su germinación como nación había diseñado un modelo identitario que se presenta absolutamente limitante. Excluye y condena a las clases subalternizadas a vivir en los márgenes de la sociedad, también en lo relativo a su pertenencia al imaginario colectivo. Solo se circunscriben a este marco de asimilación identitaria aquellos sujetos cuyas condiciones de género, raza o clase les permite enmarcarse inmediatamente en la narrativa WASP, que es la que define la esencia de los valores propiamente estadounidenses. Las protestas que emanan desde la militancia de la segunda mitad del siglo XX ponen el foco en esta problemática y en la necesidad de volver a un proceso de resemantización identitaria, que había resultado incompleto durante la Primera Reconstrucción consecuencia de la Guerra Civil. Las reclamaciones planteadas por estas agrupaciones se proyectan hacia el plano global de Estados Unidos, tratando degenerar nuevos discursos inclusivos no solo en la esfera política y social, sino también en la cultural. Durante estas décadas se plantean de forma constante propuestas teóricas que aborden la cuestión de las identidades en una perspectiva de amplitud, con el fin de abarcar al conjunto de subjetividades y hacerlas partícipes del entramado sociopolítico y cultural de Estados Unidos...
The main objective of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the narrative mechanisms used in superhero comics to incorporate the demands raised by the social movements of the United States in 1960 and 1970, a period described by several specialists as the “Second Reconstruction”. To meet this objective, this research is based on the analysis of two fundamental dimensions. The backbone of this study is the analysis of the period known as the Second Reconstruction, in which a group of social groups demanded a resemantizations of the American identity. Since its germination as a nation, it had designed an identity model that was limiting. It excludes and condemns the subalternate classes to live on the margins of society, also in terms of their belonging to the collective imaginary. Only those subjects whose gender, race, or class conditions allow them to immediately fit into the WASP narrative, which is the one that defines the essence of American values, are circumscribed to this identity assimilation framework. The protests emanating from the militancy of the second half of the twentieth century put the focus on this problem and on the need to return to a process of identity resemantization, which had been incomplete during the First Reconstruction resulting from the Civil War. The claims raised by these groups are projected to the global level of the United States, trying to generate new inclusive discourses not only in the political and social sphere but also in the cultural sphere. During these decades, theoretical proposals that address the question of identities in a broad perspective are constantly put forward, to embrace all subjectivities and make them participants in the socio-political and cultural fabric of the United States...
The main objective of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the narrative mechanisms used in superhero comics to incorporate the demands raised by the social movements of the United States in 1960 and 1970, a period described by several specialists as the “Second Reconstruction”. To meet this objective, this research is based on the analysis of two fundamental dimensions. The backbone of this study is the analysis of the period known as the Second Reconstruction, in which a group of social groups demanded a resemantizations of the American identity. Since its germination as a nation, it had designed an identity model that was limiting. It excludes and condemns the subalternate classes to live on the margins of society, also in terms of their belonging to the collective imaginary. Only those subjects whose gender, race, or class conditions allow them to immediately fit into the WASP narrative, which is the one that defines the essence of American values, are circumscribed to this identity assimilation framework. The protests emanating from the militancy of the second half of the twentieth century put the focus on this problem and on the need to return to a process of identity resemantization, which had been incomplete during the First Reconstruction resulting from the Civil War. The claims raised by these groups are projected to the global level of the United States, trying to generate new inclusive discourses not only in the political and social sphere but also in the cultural sphere. During these decades, theoretical proposals that address the question of identities in a broad perspective are constantly put forward, to embrace all subjectivities and make them participants in the socio-political and cultural fabric of the United States...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 22-12-2022