La securitización de la política de inmigración y asilo de la Unión Europea (1999-2020) : una aproximación desde la Escuela de Copenhague
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2023
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06/02/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Las políticas de inmigración y asilo han sido tradicionalmente competencia exclusiva de los Estados, en la medida en que afectan a dos elementos constitutivos claves de los mismos: el territorio y la población. Entre los países europeos, sin embargo, la creación de un espacio delibre circulación para sus nacionales en 1985, con el Acuerdo de Schengen, supuso la supresión de las fronteras interiores comunes y, de manera derivada, la necesidad de armonizar los mecanismos de acceso de las personas extranjeras en este espacio común. La gestión de la migración extracomunitaria se convertía así en una necesidad derivada del establecimiento de la libre circulación en el espacio europeo. Desde 1999, y a partir de las Conclusiones del Consejo Europeo de Tampere, los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea están comprometidos en la construcción de una política europea común de inmigración y asilo. A lo largo de cinco agendas de trabajo, siendo la última el nuevo Pacto de Migración y Asilo aprobado en 2020, se han ido desarrollando instrumentos y acciones para esta gestión compartida, en un proceso de colaboración supranacional de características excepcionales, no exento de claroscuros. En estos poco más de veinte años, las tensiones entre la gestión de un fenómeno natural como las migraciones y la preocupación por el control en el acceso al territorio (y a las sociedades) europeo se ha ido configurando como un elemento sustancial de este proceso de construcción de una política europea de inmigración y asilo. Las cuestiones migratorias se debaten, así, en un escenario que las percibe, a la vez, como necesarias y connaturales y como una amenaza para la seguridad (y la identidad) europea...
Immigration and asylum policies have traditionally been the exclusive competence of the States insofar as they affect two key constituent elements: territory and population. However, the creation of an area of free movement for their nationals in 1985, with the Schengen Agreement, led to the abolition of common internal borders among European countries and, as a result, the need to harmonise the access mechanisms for foreigners in this common area.Thus, the management of non-EU migration became a necessity arising from the establishment of free movement in the European area. Since 1999, and following the Conclusions of the Tampere European Council, the Member States of the European Union have been committed to constructing a common European immigration and asylum policy. Throughout five agendas, the last one being the new Pact on Migration and Asylum approved in 2020, several instruments and actions have been developed for this shared management in an exceptional and chiaroscuros process of supranational collaboration. In over twenty years, the tensions between the management of a natural phenomenon such as migrations and the concern for control over access to European territory (and societies) have gradually become a substantial element in building a European immigration and asylum policy. Thus, Migratory issues are debated in a scenario that perceives them as both necessary and connatural and a threat to European security (and identity)...
Immigration and asylum policies have traditionally been the exclusive competence of the States insofar as they affect two key constituent elements: territory and population. However, the creation of an area of free movement for their nationals in 1985, with the Schengen Agreement, led to the abolition of common internal borders among European countries and, as a result, the need to harmonise the access mechanisms for foreigners in this common area.Thus, the management of non-EU migration became a necessity arising from the establishment of free movement in the European area. Since 1999, and following the Conclusions of the Tampere European Council, the Member States of the European Union have been committed to constructing a common European immigration and asylum policy. Throughout five agendas, the last one being the new Pact on Migration and Asylum approved in 2020, several instruments and actions have been developed for this shared management in an exceptional and chiaroscuros process of supranational collaboration. In over twenty years, the tensions between the management of a natural phenomenon such as migrations and the concern for control over access to European territory (and societies) have gradually become a substantial element in building a European immigration and asylum policy. Thus, Migratory issues are debated in a scenario that perceives them as both necessary and connatural and a threat to European security (and identity)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 06-02/-2023