El desarrollo de la conciencia emocional en la adolescencia a través de la poesía
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2014
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Abstract
En este trabajo se explora el papel que puede tener en el desarrollo de la conciencia emocional de los adolescentes la lectura y comentario de textos poéticos que abordan diferentes emociones y sentimientos del ser humano. Así, el objetivo principal del estudio es el diseño e implementación de una secuencia didáctica dirigida a estudiantes de segundo ciclo de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO), con el fin de valorar hasta qué punto el hecho de conocer las emociones expresadas por otros puede facilitar el desarrollo de la conciencia emocional individual. La secuencia didáctica se organiza en dos fases: la primera, abordada con una metodología documental y descriptiva, responde, por una parte, a la necesidad de recoger información sobre qué se entiende por ‘emoción’ y sobre el conjunto de emociones que van a ser tenidas en cuenta en la intervención. Por otra parte, responde a la necesidad de elaborar un corpus de poesías que reflejen las emociones seleccionadas. La segunda fase, que combina metodologías cuantitativa y cualitativa, se centra en la implementación de la secuencia propiamente dicha. En primer lugar, a través de un cuestionario, se valoran expectativas de los sujetos sobre la actividad, así como las representaciones que tienen estos en cuanto a las emociones en general. En segundo lugar, se aborda la presentación de las emociones desde la teoría y desde la lectura de los poemas seleccionados. Finalmente, con otro cuestionario, se evalúan los resultados de toda la experiencia para comprobar la incidencia de la secuencia didáctica en la conciencia emocional de los participantes. A pesar de las limitaciones del estudio debido al contexto de aplicación (una sola experiencia con un grupo), los resultados confirman las posibilidades de la poesía como instrumento válido para potenciar el desarrollo de la conciencia emocional. De esta manera, este estudio de carácter exploratorio aporta datos de especial interés tanto para la educación social como para la educación emocional, poco fomentadas actualmente en la educación secundaria obligatoria.
This paper explores the role that reading and commenting poetic texts which address different emotions and sentiments of the human being play in the development of the emotional conscience of adolescents. Thus, the main objective of this investigation is the outline and implementation of a didactic unit for students who attend the two final years of compulsory secondary education (ESO), in order to evaluate to what extent the fact of being acquainted to emotions expressed by others can help the development of the individual emotional conscience. The second didactic unit is organized in two stages: the first one, waylaid with a documental and descriptive methodology, responds, on one hand, to the necessity of gathering information on what is understood by “emotion” and on the entirety of emotions that will be taken into account in the intervention. On the other hand, it responds to the necessity of elaborating a corpus of poetry that reflects the selected emotions. The second stage, which combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies, focuses on the implementations of the unit as such. Firstly, the expectations of the participants regarding the activity will be assessed through a questionnaire, as well as the representations they have concerning emotions in general. Secondly, the presentation of the emotions will be tackled from a theoretical point of view and from reading the selected poems. Last but not least, in a separate questionnaire, the results of the whole experience will be evaluated in order to verify the impact of the didactic unit in the emotional conscience of the participants. Despite the limitations of this investigation due to the context of the study (one single experience with one group), the results confirm the possibilities of poetry as a valid instrument to promote the development of emotional conscience. In this way, this investigation of exploratory character provides data of special interest for social education as well as for emotional education, which are little promoted in the current compulsory secondary education.
This paper explores the role that reading and commenting poetic texts which address different emotions and sentiments of the human being play in the development of the emotional conscience of adolescents. Thus, the main objective of this investigation is the outline and implementation of a didactic unit for students who attend the two final years of compulsory secondary education (ESO), in order to evaluate to what extent the fact of being acquainted to emotions expressed by others can help the development of the individual emotional conscience. The second didactic unit is organized in two stages: the first one, waylaid with a documental and descriptive methodology, responds, on one hand, to the necessity of gathering information on what is understood by “emotion” and on the entirety of emotions that will be taken into account in the intervention. On the other hand, it responds to the necessity of elaborating a corpus of poetry that reflects the selected emotions. The second stage, which combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies, focuses on the implementations of the unit as such. Firstly, the expectations of the participants regarding the activity will be assessed through a questionnaire, as well as the representations they have concerning emotions in general. Secondly, the presentation of the emotions will be tackled from a theoretical point of view and from reading the selected poems. Last but not least, in a separate questionnaire, the results of the whole experience will be evaluated in order to verify the impact of the didactic unit in the emotional conscience of the participants. Despite the limitations of this investigation due to the context of the study (one single experience with one group), the results confirm the possibilities of poetry as a valid instrument to promote the development of emotional conscience. In this way, this investigation of exploratory character provides data of special interest for social education as well as for emotional education, which are little promoted in the current compulsory secondary education.
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Todo mi agradecimiento al IES Ortega y Gasset de Madrid, que ha permitido, apoyado y valorado la realización de este proyecto. En especial a Carmen Reina, por confiar siempre en mí, a MariLuz Rodríguez por ayudarme en todo momento durante el desarrollo de la intervención, y a los sujetos participantes, por aceptar ser sujetos de investigación.
Agradezco el consejo científico constante de Isabel García Parejo, que tutoría tras tutoría, ha conseguido convertir mis ideas en un trabajo de investigación.
También he de agradecer a todas las personas que durante el año han escuchado la evolución de esta investigación, en especial a mi madre por el apoyo incondicional.