Efectos de la demora en el tratamiento anti-angiogénico de pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad de tipo exudativo como consecuencia de la pandemia por COVID-19
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2026
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11/09/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa crónica que afecta a la retina provocando una disminución progresiva de visión. Su principal característica clínica es la presencia de drusas, depósitos de desechos celulares que se acumulan entre el epitelio pigmentario de la retina (EPR) y la membrana de Bruch. Esta patología es irreversible y evoluciona con el tiempo, afectando significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Existen dos formas principales de DMAE: la atrófica o seca y la neovascular o húmeda. La forma neovascular (DMAEn) se asocia con el crecimiento anómalo de vasos sanguíneos, lo que puede generar acumulación de fluido y hemorragias. Para el diagnóstico de la DMAE se emplean diversas técnicas de imagen, siendo la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) la más utilizada. Esta tecnología permite visualizar en detalle las capas de la retina y detectar cambios en las estructuras oculares. Aunque no existe un tratamiento curativo, los fármacos anti-VEGF (factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular) han revolucionado el manejo de la DMAEn, ya que inhiben la formación de nuevos vasos sanguíneos anómalos y reducen la exudación de líquido en la retina. Existen distintos esquemas de administración de estos fármacos que permiten personalizar el tratamiento según la evolución del paciente...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the retina causing a progressive decrease in vision. Its main clinical characteristic is the presence of drusen, deposits of cellular debris that accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane. This pathology is irreversible and evolves over time, significantly affecting patient’s quality of life.There are two main forms of AMD: atrophic or dry AMD and neovascular or wet AMD. The neovascular form (nAMD) is associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, which can lead to fluid accumulation and hemorrhage. Various imaging techniques are used to diagnose AMD, with optical coherence tomography (OCT) being the most commonly used. This technology allows detailed visualisation of the retinal layers and detection of changes in ocular structures.Although there is no curative treatment, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs have revolutionised the management of AMD in that they inhibit the formation of new abnormal blood vessels and reduce fluid exudation in the retina. There are different administration schedules for these drugs that allow treatment to be personalised according to patient’s evolution...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the retina causing a progressive decrease in vision. Its main clinical characteristic is the presence of drusen, deposits of cellular debris that accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane. This pathology is irreversible and evolves over time, significantly affecting patient’s quality of life.There are two main forms of AMD: atrophic or dry AMD and neovascular or wet AMD. The neovascular form (nAMD) is associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, which can lead to fluid accumulation and hemorrhage. Various imaging techniques are used to diagnose AMD, with optical coherence tomography (OCT) being the most commonly used. This technology allows detailed visualisation of the retinal layers and detection of changes in ocular structures.Although there is no curative treatment, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs have revolutionised the management of AMD in that they inhibit the formation of new abnormal blood vessels and reduce fluid exudation in the retina. There are different administration schedules for these drugs that allow treatment to be personalised according to patient’s evolution...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 11-09-2025












