Estudio de la influencia de factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de infección nosocomial en el paciente crítico

Abstract

The great advances associated with modern medicine have contributed decisively to the spectacular increase in life expectancy, being Spain the second country in the world with the highest life expectancy in 2015. However, all this technology has not solved old problems that medicine has faced for centuries, including nosocomial infections (NI). Moreover, it seems that some of these new technologies favor the development of infections by increasing the manipulations on the patient and facilitate access of microorganisms to previously sterile regions. Nosocomial infections or infections acquired during hospital stay are the leading preventable cause of serious adverse effects in hospitalized patients. More than 20 percent of NI are acquired in Intensive Care Units (ICU), being the leading cause of mortality of patients who do not have coronary disease admitted to these units. Generally there are two types of risk factor involved in the development of infections: those related to invasive care procedures (extrinsic risk factors) and those who deal directly with the patient's baseline condition (intrinsic risk factors). Treating serious, fragile, more immunocompromised patients, transplant recipients, with body implants with high drug load and the need for many medical and surgical care facilitates the presence of nosocomial infection. These situations along with increased microbiological isolates with microbial resistance to infectious agents, even those of last generation, due to misuse and abuse of antimicrobials, reduces the treatment options of these infections and compromise severely therapeutic success...