Production yields of β(+) emitters for range verification in proton therapy

Abstract

In-vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions from beta(+) emitters induced by the proton beam on the most abundant elements in the human body, right after (looking at the long-lived beta(+) emitters C-11, N-13 and O-15) or during (looking at the short-lived beta(+) emitters P-29, N-12, K-38m and C-10) the irradiation. The accuracy of the estimated activity distributions is basically that of the underlying cross section data. In this context, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the production yields of beta(+) emitters of interest in proton therapy. In order to measure the long-lived beta(+) isotopes, a new method has been developed combining the multi-foil technique with the measurement of the induced activity with a clinical PET scanner. This technique has been tested successfully below 18 MeV at CNA (Spain) and will be used at a clinical beam to obtain data up to 230 MeV. However, such method does not allow measuring the production short-lived isotopes (lower half-life). For this, the proposed method combines a series of targets sandwiched between aluminum foils (acting as both degraders and converters) placed between two LaBr3 detectors that will measure the pairs of 511 keV gamma-rays. The first tests will take place at the AGOR facility at KVI-CART, in Groningen.