Microangiopatía trombótica e hipertensión arterial maligna : Diferenciación diagnóstica, bases patogénicas e implicaciones terapéuticas
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2025
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24/03/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las microangiopatías trombóticas (MAT) constituyen un grupo de trastornos caracterizados por anemia hemolítica microangiopática (AHMA), trombocitopenia y anomalías en la función de diversos órganos, siendo el riñón el más grave y frecuentemente afectado. Su base patogénica es un daño difuso del endotelio vascular. El síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico (SHUa) primario es una forma de MAT causada por desregulación de la vía alternativa del complemento secundaria a anomalías genéticas o autoanticuerpos. En los SHUa secundarios, el daño endotelial es producido por una amplia variedad de desencadenantes (fármacos, infecciones, tumores, enfermedades autoinmunes) entre las que se ha incluido clásicamente la HTA maligna. La HTA maligna se define por cifras de presión arterial muy elevadas y la presencia de retinopatía hipertensiva grados III/IV (hemorragias y exudados retinianos, papiledema)...
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a group of disorders characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia and abnormalities in the function of various organs, with the kidney being the most severe and frequently affected. Its pathogenic basis is diffuse damage of the vascular endothelium. Primary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a form of TMA caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway due to genetic abnormalities or autoantibodies. In secondary aHUS, endothelial damage is caused by a wide variety of triggers (drugs, infections, tumours, autoimmune diseases) among which malignant hypertension (HTN) has been classically included. Malignant HTN is defined by very high blood pressure and the presence of grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy (retinal haemorrhages and exudates, papilledema)...
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a group of disorders characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia and abnormalities in the function of various organs, with the kidney being the most severe and frequently affected. Its pathogenic basis is diffuse damage of the vascular endothelium. Primary atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a form of TMA caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway due to genetic abnormalities or autoantibodies. In secondary aHUS, endothelial damage is caused by a wide variety of triggers (drugs, infections, tumours, autoimmune diseases) among which malignant hypertension (HTN) has been classically included. Malignant HTN is defined by very high blood pressure and the presence of grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy (retinal haemorrhages and exudates, papilledema)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 24-03-2025










